Hypertensive heart disease: risk factors, complications and mechanisms

Hypertensive heart disease constitutes functional and structural dysfunction and pathogenesis occurring primarily in the left ventricle, the left atrium and the coronary arteries due to chronic uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertensive heart disease is underreported and the mechanisms underlying its correlates and complications are not well elaborated. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of hypertensive heart disease, we discuss in detail the mechanisms associated with development and complications of hypertensive heart disease especially left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease. We also briefly highlight the role of dietary salt, immunity and genetic predisposition in hypertensive heart disease pathogenesis.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the current understanding of hypertensive heart disease and discusses in detail the mechanisms associated with its development and complications, including left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. The review also briefly highlights the role of dietary salt, immunity, and genetic predisposition in the pathogenesis of hypertensive heart disease.