Journal
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050749
Keywords
endometrial receptivity array; in vitro fertilization; pre-implantation testing; frozen embryo transfer; hormone replacement therapy; implantation failure
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Successful outcomes of IVF depend on the formation of a normal embryo and its implantation in a receptive endometrium. Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is widely accepted to assess embryo viability. The endometrial receptivity array (ERA) is a tool published in 2011 to determine the receptive window of the endometrium. Studies have shown mixed results regarding the efficacy of the ERA, with some demonstrating improved outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and transfer of known euploid embryos.
Successful outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) rely on both the formation of a chromosomally normal embryo and its implantation in a receptive endometrium. Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has been widely accepted as a tool to assess the viability of an embryo. In 2011, the endometrial receptivity array (ERA) was first published as a tool to determine when the endometrium is most receptive to an embryo, commonly referred to as the window of implantation (WOI). The ERA uses molecular arrays to assess proliferation and differentiation in the endometrium and screens for inflammatory markers. Unlike PGT-A, there has been dissent within the field concerning the efficacy of the ERA. Many studies that contest the success of the ERA found that it did not improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with an already-good prognosis. Alternatively, studies that utilized the ERA in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and transfer of known euploid embryos demonstrated improved outcomes. This review aims to describe the ERA as a novel technique, review the various settings that the ERA may be used in, such as natural frozen embryo transfer (nFET) and hormone replacement therapy frozen embryo transfer (HRT-FET), and provide a summary of the recent clinical data for embryo transfers in patients with RIF utilizing the ERA.
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