Water temperature and disease alters bacterial diversity and cultivability from American lobster (Homarus americanus) shells

The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is an economically valuable and ecologically important crustacean along the North Atlantic coast of North Amer-ica. Populations in southern locations have declined in recent decades due to increasing ocean temperatures and disease, and these circumstances are pro-gressing northward. We monitored 57 adult female lobsters, healthy and shell diseased, under three seasonal temperature cycles for a year, to track shell bacterial communities using culturing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, progres-sion of epizootic shell disease using visual assessment, and antimicrobial activity of hemolymph. The richness of bacterial taxa present, evenness of abundance, and community similarity between lobsters was affected by water temperature at the time of sampling, water temperature over time based on seasonal temper-ature regimes, shell disease severity, and molt stage. Several bacteria were prevalent on healthy lobster shells but missing or less abundant on diseased shells, although some bacteria were found on all shells regardless of health status.

Automated summary

The American lobster, a valuable crustacean, is declining in southern locations along the North Atlantic coast of North America due to increasing ocean temperatures and disease. We monitored 57 adult female lobsters for a year and found that the bacterial community on lobster shells was affected by water temperature, disease severity, and molt stage. Some bacteria were prevalent on healthy shells but less abundant on diseased shells.