Intrinsic sexual dimorphism in the placenta determines the differential response to benzene exposure

Maternal immune activation (MIA) by environmental challenges is linked to severe developmental complications, such as neurocognitive disorders, autism, and even fetal/maternal death. Benzene is a major toxic compound in air pollution that affects the mother as well as the fetus and has been associated with reproductive complications. Our objective was to elucidate whether benzene exposure during gestation triggers MIA and its impact on fetal development. We report that benzene exposure during pregnancy leads MIA associated with increased fetal resorptions, fetal growth, and abnormal placenta development. Further-more, we demonstrate the existence of a sexual dimorphic response to benzene exposure in male and female placentas. The sexual dimorphic response is a conse-quence of inherent differences between male and female placenta. These data provide crucial information on the origins or sexual dimorphism and how expo-sure to environmental factors can have a differential impact on the development of male and female offspring.

Automated summary

Benzene exposure during pregnancy leads to maternal immune activation (MIA) and affects fetal development, resulting in increased fetal resorptions, fetal growth abnormalities, and abnormal placenta development. There is a sexual dimorphic response to benzene exposure in male and female placentas, which is a consequence of inherent differences between the two genders. These findings provide crucial insights into the origins of sexual dimorphism and how environmental factors can differentially impact the development of male and female offspring.