One health system supporting surveillance during COVID-19 epidemic in Abruzzo region, southern Italy

The Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali (IZSs) are public health institutes dealing with the aetiology and path-ogenesis of infectious diseases of domestic and wild animals. During Coronavirus Disease 2019 epidemic, the Italian Ministry of Health appointed the IZSs to carry out diagnostic tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human samples. In particular, the IZS of Abruzzo and Molise (IZS-Teramo) was involved in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 through testing nasopharyngeal swabs by Real Time RT-PCR. Activities and infrastructures were reor-ganised to the new priorities, in a One Health framework, based on interdisciplinary, laboratory promptness, accreditation of the test for the detection of the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in human samples, and management of confidentiality of sensitive data. The laboratory information system - SILAB - was implemented with a One Health module for managing data of human origin, with tools for the automatic registration of information improving the quality of the data. Moreover, the National Reference Centre for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens -database and bioinformatics analysis - GENPAT - formally established at the IZS-Teramo, developed bioinformatics workflows and IT dashboard with ad hoc surveillance tools to support the metagenomics-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, providing molecular sequencing analysis to quickly intercept the variants circulating in the area. This manuscript describes the One Health system developed by adapting and integrating both SILAB and GENPAT tools for supporting surveillance during COVID-19 epidemic in the Abruzzo region, southern Italy. The developed dashboard permits the health authorities to observe the SARS-CoV-2 spread in the region, and by combining spatio-temporal information with metagenomics provides early evi-dence for the identification of emerging space-time clusters of variants at the municipality level. The imple-mentation of the One Health module was designed to be easily modelled and adapted for the management of other diseases and future hypothetical events of pandemic nature.

Automated summary

The Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali (IZSs) were appointed by the Italian Ministry of Health to carry out diagnostic tests for COVID-19. The IZS-Teramo conducted tests using Real Time RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs, and developed bioinformatics workflows to monitor virus variants.