4.7 Review

Intestinal Damage, Inflammation and Microbiota Alteration during COVID-19 Infection

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Pathology

COVID-19: gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations

Angela R. Shih et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is the viral agent of COVID-19, which is a respiratory ailment with potential gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations. Ischemic enterocolitis is the most common consequence in the GI tract, while hepatitis presumed to be due to SARS-CoV-2 suggests rare direct viral infection of the liver. Long COVID may involve lingering symptoms of GI or hepatic injury after pulmonary infection resolution.

HUMAN PATHOLOGY (2023)

Review Immunology

Critical roles of cytokine storm and bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19: therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells

Babak Arjmand et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant impact on healthcare systems globally since December 2019. It can affect multiple body systems and its symptoms range from mild upper respiratory infection to fatal complications. The normal immune system plays an important role in the recovery of infectious diseases like COVID-19.

INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY (2023)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Role of Probiotics in the Management of COVID-19: A Computational Perspective

Quang Vo Nguyen et al.

Summary: This article discusses the possibility of using probiotics and their metabolites as adjunctive treatment for COVID-19. By regulating the gut microbiota, probiotics can restore a stable gut environment and combat the adverse effects of COVID-19. Clinical trials have shown the efficacy of probiotics and their metabolites in treating SARS-CoV-2, but their molecular mechanism has not been fully understood.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Pedro Gutierrez-Castrellon et al.

Summary: This study suggests that probiotic supplementation can improve lung homeostasis by interacting with the host's immune system, thereby reducing symptoms and severity of COVID-19 infection.

GUT MICROBES (2022)

Article Pathology

Intestinal Abnormalities in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Histopathologic Changes Reflect Mechanisms of Disease

Rhonda K. Yantiss et al.

Summary: Approximately 20% of patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection experience gastrointestinal bleeding and/or diarrhea. Most cases do not require endoscopic evaluation due to the risk of practitioner infection outweighing the value of biopsy analysis. Current knowledge about gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 comes primarily from surgical and autopsy cases, with no detailed reports describing other gastrointestinal effects.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY (2022)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Are gastrointestinal symptoms associated with higher risk of Mortality in COVID-19 patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yang Wang et al.

Summary: This study found no association between gastrointestinal symptoms and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Further investigation is needed to determine the prognostic value of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19.

BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Postacute COVID-19 is Characterized by Gut Viral Antigen Persistence in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Andreas Zollner et al.

Summary: The study investigates whether the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in infected tissues is responsible for postacute COVID-19 syndrome. The results suggest that viral antigen persistence may be the underlying cause of postacute COVID-19 and this concept should be validated in controlled clinical trials.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Article Virology

Features of capsule endoscopy in COVID-19 patients with a six-month follow-up: A prospective observational study

Xiao-Ping Xie et al.

Summary: COVID-19 can impact the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as gastritis and intestinal mucosa inflammation. Even after discharge, some patients may still experience intestinal lesions and gastrointestinal symptoms.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host immune responses in COVID-19

Xiaoguang Xu et al.

Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the host immune response and severity of COVID-19. This study utilized metagenomic sequencing and immune profiling to demonstrate that the gut microbiome diversity is reduced in severe/critical COVID-19 cases compared to mild/moderate cases. Certain gut microbes were found to be altered in abundance post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlated with disease severity. Furthermore, there were differential enrichments of metabolic pathways in the gut microbiome between severe/critical and mild/moderate COVID-19 cases.

FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Alterations of the gut microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019 and its therapeutic potential

Hui Xiang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 poses a serious threat to global health, with gastrointestinal symptoms and gut dysbiosis being common. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota can regulate the immune response and play a crucial role in the clinical correlation between dysbiosis and COVID-19. Further exploration of specific alterations, mechanisms, and contributions of gut microbiota in COVID-19 is urgently needed.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal microbiota: A predictor of COVID-19 severity?

Maria Adriana Neag et al.

Summary: The relationship between gut and lung microbiota may play a role in the management of COVID-19. Modulating the gut microbiota could have a positive impact in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Plasma Microbiome in COVID-19 Subjects: An Indicator of Gut Barrier Defects and Dysbiosis

Ram Prasad et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether plasma analysis could provide insight into gut barrier dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection. The findings showed significant dysbiosis of the plasma microbiome in COVID-19 patients, along with increased abundance of Actinobacteria species and decreased abundance of Bacteroides species. Moreover, the concentration of gut permeability markers was significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals. These findings suggest that the gut may contribute to worsening COVID-19 outcomes and targeting the gut could be a potential strategy for improving patient outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 Pneumonia and Gut Inflammation: The Role of a Mix of Three Probiotic Strains in Reducing Inflammatory Markers and Need for Oxygen Support

Angela Saviano et al.

Summary: Supplementation with a mix of probiotics for 10 days in patients with COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia significantly reduces inflammatory markers.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Gut microbiota: A new insight into lung diseases

Pei-Jun Ma et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in lung diseases, particularly in immune regulation. However, the exact mechanism of action in the gut-lung axis crosstalk remains unclear. This review summarizes the latest research and proposes a new therapeutic strategy targeting drug-bacterial interaction.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Induction of Hypoxic Response in Caco-2 Cells Promote the Expression of Genes Involved in SARS-CoV-2 Endocytosis and Transcytosis

S. A. Nersisyan

Summary: In this study, we analyzed the impact of hypoxic response on the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in the intracellular transport mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in Caco-2 cells. Our findings revealed that hypoxic response leads to increased expression of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and the non-canonical receptor TFRC, as well as upregulation of genes from the LDL receptor family. These results indicate the involvement of hypoxic response in the endocytosis and transcytosis mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles.

DOKLADY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS (2022)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Probiotics: A gut response to the COVID-19 pandemic but what does the evidence show?

Sandrayee Brahma et al.

Summary: This review article discusses the role of gut and lung microbiomes in COVID-19 and potential mechanisms of action of probiotics. Although there is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of probiotics for COVID-19, the role of microbiomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19 cannot be ignored.

CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice: a systematic review

Mohamed H. Emara et al.

Summary: This systematic review examines the impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy practice. The findings reveal a significant reduction in the volume of endoscopy procedures, impaired colorectal cancer screening, workflow disruptions, personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, and increased risk of infection among both healthcare staff and patients. The study emphasizes the need for rescheduling endoscopy procedures in accordance with the COVID-19 pandemic situation, as well as the importance of PPE use by healthcare workers and pre-procedure COVID-19 screening.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest prolonged gastrointestinal infection

Aravind Natarajan et al.

Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA can persist in feces for up to 7 months in individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19. Furthermore, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to shed viral RNA in their feces.
Article Immunology

Direct Evidence of Active SARS-CoV-2 Replication in the Intestine

Qun Qian et al.

Summary: The study investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virions and pathological changes in the rectal tissues of a COVID-19 patient with rectal adenocarcinoma. Results showed evidence of active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the patient's rectum during the incubation period, potentially explaining fecal-oral transmission of the virus.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal endoscopy infection control strategy during COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary medical center in China

Shengyu Zhang et al.

Summary: The study shared infection control strategies aiming to minimize COVID-19 transmission in endoscopy centers, including admission control, environmental control, proper usage of personal protective equipment, endoscope disinfection, and room decontamination. Only urgent or semi-urgent procedures were performed during the COVID-19 outbreak, and after four weeks without local new-onset cases in Beijing, elective procedures were resumed.

DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Probiotics and Covid-19

Benedetta Bottari et al.

Summary: COVID-19 has rapidly become a pandemic in early 2020, leading to consideration of probiotics as a potential therapeutic option due to their potential efficacy in managing respiratory viral infections and the observed effects of the virus on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The lung-gut axis suggests a possible role for modulation of gut microbiota in COVID-19 prevention and treatment, prompting a need for further studies in this area.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Northern Italy: A Single-Center Cohort Study

Mario Schettino et al.

Summary: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19 and may be associated with a better prognosis. These data suggest that the gastrointestinal tract may be more involved than the respiratory system in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, potentially explaining the less severe course of the disease.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Digestive Manifestations in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019

B. Joseph Elmunzer et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and significance of digestive manifestations in patients with COVID-19. The research found that gastrointestinal symptoms were common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but were mostly mild and not independently associated with a more severe clinical course. Abnormal liver test results were also common, but not significantly linked to mechanical ventilation or death among these patients.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Outcomes of symptom screening and universal COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing before endoscopy in a community-based ambulatory surgery center

Brad Bowyer et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, symptom-based screening alone should not be the primary tool for selecting patients for endoscopy. Effective RT-PCR testing is crucial for excluding asymptomatic patients and ensuring symptomatic patients undergo the procedure.

GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test: Role in Screening Prior to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Ashok Dalal et al.

Summary: The study retrospectively analyzed the use of COVID-19 RAT as a screening tool for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures in a tertiary referral center in New Delhi, India during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that COVID-19 RAT is an easily usable tool to prevent transmission of the disease.

CLINICAL ENDOSCOPY (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the gastrointestinal tract and liver

Han-Yu Lei et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic with increasing attention on gastrointestinal symptoms. Studies have emphasized a close connection between COVID-19 and the digestive system, highlighting the urgent need for further exploration.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

The role of microbiota in respiratory health and diseases, particularly in tuberculosis

Taif Shah et al.

Summary: Trillions of microorganisms in the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts play a crucial role in maintaining human health by producing antimicrobial metabolites to protect the body from pathogens. The microbiome interacts with each other and with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship, potentially influencing immune homeostasis and respiratory physiology. Dysbiosis caused by anti-TB antibiotics may make the host more susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2021)

Review Infectious Diseases

COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Stephany Beyerstedt et al.

Summary: ACE2 plays a crucial role in COVID-19, with its expression potentially having paradoxical effects, aiding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity while also limiting viral infection.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19

Yun Kit Yeoh et al.

Summary: This study found that the gut microbiome composition was significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 individuals, regardless of medication received. Certain gut commensals known for their immunomodulatory potential were underrepresented in patients and remained low even after disease resolution. Additionally, the altered gut microbiome composition correlated with disease severity and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers.
Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Blockers With Severity of COVID-19: A Multicenter, Prospective Study

Hakeam A. Hakeam et al.

Summary: The study found that patients with hypertension or cardiovascular diseases receiving ACE-I/ARB therapy are not at increased risk for severe COVID-19 upon hospital admission. Continuing ACE-I/ARB therapy during hospitalization lowers the likelihood of death. However, ACE-I/ARB therapy is not significantly associated with ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality.

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS (2021)

Review Biology

Probiotics, prebiotics, and COVID-19 infection: A review article

Jamal M. A. Khaled

Summary: Probiotics and prebiotics have been scientifically proven to have significant health benefits, but further research is needed to determine their potential biological roles against COVID-19 infection.

SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Endoscopy during COVID - what have we learned?

Heiko Pohl

ENDOSCOPY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Altered Intestinal ACE2 Levels Are Associated With Inflammation, Severe Disease, and Response to Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Alka A. Potdar et al.

Summary: The study identified differences in intestinal ACE2 expression levels in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, associated with inflammation and disease severity. Treatment with anti-cytokine therapy restored ACE2 expression, potentially impacting outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Alexandra E. Livanos et al.

Summary: This study found that although SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the gastrointestinal tract, there was no inflammatory response in the intestine. Additionally, COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had reduced disease severity and mortality.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Potential intestinal infection and faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Meng Guo et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2, in addition to respiratory transmission, can also cause gastrointestinal symptoms, with detectable RNA in fecal samples of some patients. Infection alters intestinal microbiota, correlated with inflammatory factors. Multiple studies provide evidence of intestinal infection and potential for fecal-oral transmission.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Review article: Probiotics, prebiotics and dietary approaches during COVID-19 pandemic

Jielun Hu et al.

Summary: The gut microbiome is disrupted in SARS-CoV-2 infections and linked to disease severity, with potential for probiotics and dietary interventions to improve immune response and reduce susceptibility to COVID-19. Studies are ongoing to explore the role of probiotics in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 in different populations, highlighting the potential of microbial therapeutics in preventing and treating COVID-19.

TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19

Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affects respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, with prolonged gastrointestinal manifestations possibly linked to alterations in gut microbiota and immune responses; the bidirectional interactions between respiratory mucosa and gut microbiota may play a crucial role in immune responses to the virus.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Calprotectin, an Emerging Biomarker of Interest in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Raphael Udeh et al.

Summary: Calprotectin levels are significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients who develop severe form of the disease and have prognostic importance.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

New Insights Into the Physiopathology of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2-Associated Gastrointestinal Illness

Christian A. Devaux et al.

Summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the lungs, evidence suggests active replication of the virus in the gut and raises questions about its impacts on the digestive system. Different models are being examined to understand how the virus causes intestinal disturbances and potential long-distance damages to other tissues and organs, particularly the lungs.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Cross-talk between immune system and microbiota in COVID-19

Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami et al.

Summary: The human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system, and any alteration in it can lead to immune dysregulation. Maintaining a balanced gut microbiota can help manage severe viral respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV-2 by modulating cytokine storm and restoring immune function.

EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The role of endoscopy and findings in COVID-19 patients, an early North American Cohort

Gabriela Kuftinec et al.

Summary: In a large and diverse cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in North America, few patients underwent endoscopic procedures despite common gastrointestinal manifestations. The findings and interventions from endoscopy were largely related to critical illness rather than direct viral injury. This systematic assessment of endoscopic necessity and outcomes may aid in resource allocation for ongoing and future surges.

BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Microbiota and Its Impact on the Immune System in COVID-19-A Narrative Review

Marzena Jabczyk et al.

Summary: The intestinal microbiota may play a crucial role in combating COVID-19 by affecting the host immune system through the gut-lung axis and gut-brain axis. The presence of ACE2 receptor in SARS-CoV-2 and its connection to gut microbiota suggests a relationship between COVID-19 and the gut microbiome, with the severity of the disease potentially linked to various comorbidities.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Immunology

Autoimmunity and COVID-19-The microbiotal connection

Nurit Katz-Agranov et al.

Summary: The study found several similar immune dysregulation processes in patients with COVID-19 and lupus. Commonalities included loss of microbiota biodiversity, increased pathobionts representation (such as Proteobacteria), and decreased symbionts representation (such as Lactobacillus), as well as compromised intestinal barrier integrity in both conditions. The researchers concluded that the gastrointestinal tract plays a role in COVID-19 disease manifestations and highlighted the potential for manipulation of the microbiome in treatment and prevention strategies.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The human microbiome and COVID-19: A systematic review

Shinya Yamamoto et al.

Summary: The study found that the human intestinal and respiratory microbiome changed in COVID-19 patients with increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens. The association between the human microbiome and the severity of COVID-19 remains uncertain, highlighting the need for further research.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal involvement in paediatric COVID-19-from pathogenesis to clinical management: A comprehensive review

Carmelina Calitri et al.

Summary: COVID-19 affects the gastrointestinal system in children, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The virus can be detected in stool samples and gastrointestinal symptoms may precede severe manifestations, requiring supportive treatment.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Endocytosis and Transcytosis of SARS-CoV-2 Across the Intestinal Epithelium and Other Tissue Barriers

Evgeny Knyazev et al.

Summary: This work examines the potential for coronaviruses to overcome tissue barriers through endocytosis, transcytosis, and paracellular trafficking, focusing on the intestinal epithelium; discusses the mechanisms of antibody-mediated transcytosis and virus transfer into extracellular vesicles, and describes the clinical significance of these processes.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal mucosal damage in patients with COVID-19 undergoing endoscopy: an international multicentre study

Giuseppe Vanella et al.

Summary: This study focused on endoscopic findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that nearly half of the patients had acute mucosal injuries, with over one-third of lower GI endoscopies showing features of ischaemic colitis. D-dimers above 1850 ng/mL was identified as the most useful predictor for major mucosal abnormalities.

BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Xi Xu et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2020)

Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Evidence for Gastrointestinal Infection of SARS-CoV-2

Fei Xiao et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission

Yuan Tian et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses

Furong Qi et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Diarrhea Is Associated With Prolonged Symptoms and Viral Carriage in Corona Virus Disease 2019

Xiao-Shan Wei et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2020)

Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Endoscopic Findings in Patients Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Lombardy, Italy

Sara Massironi et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2020)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Alterations in Gut Microbiota of Patients With COVID-19 During Time of Hospitalization

Tao Zuo et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Gut of Patients With IBD

Juan F. Burgueno et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019

Guang Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Are Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Increased Risk for Covid-19 Infection?

Giovanni Monteleone et al.

JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

COVID-19: The first documented coronavirus pandemic in history

Yen-Chin Liu et al.

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases - Case Series from New York

Rebecca Haberman et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Wuhan, China

Ping An et al.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2020)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Christopher Almario et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

Review Virology

Gut microbiota and Covid-19-possible link and implications

Debojyoti Dhar et al.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Gastrointestinal Complications in Critically Ill Patients With and Without COVID-19

Mohamad El Moheb et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 and intestinal inflammation: Role of fecal calprotectin

Veronica Ojetti et al.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2020)

Review Immunology

Microbes, metabolites, and the gut-lung axis

Anh Thu Dang et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Microbiology

Emerging pathogenic links between microbiota and the gut-lung axis

Kurtis F. Budden et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

Correction Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Linking the Human Gut Microbiome to Inflammatory Cytokine Production Capacity (vol 167, pg 1125, 2016)

Melanie Schirmer et al.

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Inflammatory bowel disease and airway diseases

Maria Vutcovici et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Harnessing the natural inhibitory domain to control TNFα Converting Enzyme (TACE) activity in vivo

Eitan Wong et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

Review Virology

Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins

Fang Li

ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 3 (2016)

Review Oncology

The emerging role of ACE2 in physiology and disease

I. Hamming et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2007)