4.7 Review

Morphology Controlling of All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells: From Donor Material Design to Device Engineering

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Progress in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Huanhuan Gao et al.

Summary: This review summarizes recent progress in small-molecule donors and non-fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells, highlighting the structure-property relationships and morphology regulation strategies. Challenges and outlook for all-small-molecule organic solar cells are also discussed.

SMALL (2023)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics for building-integrated photovoltaic applications

Yongxi Li et al.

Summary: The narrow and intense absorption spectra of organic materials offer the possibility to develop efficient organic photovoltaic devices that are different from other solar cell technologies. By selectively absorbing light in specific ranges, these materials can be used for power-generating windows that are semitransparent in the visible range but absorb strongly in the ultraviolet and infrared regions, providing a sustainable solution for clean energy generation.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Efficient Large Area All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by Slot-Die Coating with Nonhalogen Solvent

Yanan Liu et al.

Summary: The commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires the use of roll-to-roll coating technology. However, it is generally believed that all-small-molecule (ASM) systems cannot form high-quality films in most film-fabrication technologies except for spin coating. This study found that strong intermolecular interaction in the small molecule donor and acceptor system can weaken molecular self-aggregation, enabling the successful fabrication of ASM-OSCs using spin coating and slot-die coating technology.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dual-Additive-Driven Morphology Optimization for Solvent-Annealing-Free All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Heng Liu et al.

Summary: This study develops a dual-additive-driven morphology optimization method for all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). By incorporating 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB) and diiodomethane (DIM) as additives, the intermolecular interactions and acceptor phase separation can be modulated, while the over-aggregation of the donor is suppressed. The optimized ASM-OSC device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2%, one of the highest PCE reported for binary ASM-OSCs without solvent annealing treatment. This work demonstrates the potential of morphology tuning via the incorporation of dual additives into ASM-OSCs, enabling comparable efficiencies to those of conventional polymer/small-molecule based OSCs.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Performance Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Symmetric-Asymmetric Alloy Acceptor with a Broad Composition Tolerance

Yuan Gao et al.

Summary: The use of combinatory blending strategy in designing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) shows promise in increasing short-circuit current density and fill factor. This study presents a high-performance ternary all-small molecule OSC (all-SMOSCs) using a narrow-bandgap alloy acceptor and a wide-bandgap small molecule donor. By optimizing the weight ratio of the components, a champion efficiency of 18.02% is achieved, demonstrating the potential for high-performance ternary all-SMOSCs.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Improving the Performance of Layer-by-Layer Processed Organic Solar Cells via Introducing a Wide-Bandgap Dopant into the Upper Acceptor Layer

Qiaoling Chen et al.

Summary: In this work, the addition of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) in the upper electron acceptor layer of layer-by-layer (LbL) processed organic solar cells (OSCs) has demonstrated improved performance through adjustments in film morphology, electron acceptor doping, increased electron concentration, and enhanced charge transport.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Binary Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Solid Additive

Jianqiu Wang et al.

Summary: This study proposes the use of 3,5-dichlorobromobenzene (DCBB) to manipulate the morphology of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs), resulting in improved operability and photostability. Simulation experiments reveal the charge distribution and non-covalent interaction of DCBB with active layer materials. The addition of DCBB effectively tunes the aggregation behavior during film formation, leading to a phase separation and molecular packing that enhances the power conversion efficiency to 19.2%.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Deciphering the Role of Side-Chain Engineering and Solvent Vapor Annealing for Binary All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Tongle Xu et al.

Summary: The fibrous interpenetrating network structure morphology is crucial for achieving high power conversion efficiency in all-small-molecule organic solar cells. This study demonstrates that rational molecular design and suitable posttreatment can significantly improve the efficiency of ASM-OSCs.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

19.31% binary organic solar cell and low non-radiative recombination enabled by non-monotonic intermediate state transition

Jiehao Fu et al.

Summary: The authors achieved the suppression of non-radiative recombination loss and improved the performance of organic solar cells by regulating the self-organization of bulk-heterojunction in a non-monotonic manner. The efficiency of the organic solar cells reached over 19% with a low non-radiative recombination loss of 0.168 eV.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Miscibility Regulation and Thermal Annealing Induced Hierarchical Morphology Enables High-Efficiency All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Over 17%

Jing Guo et al.

Summary: By adjusting the thermal annealing treatment conditions and compositions of mixed acceptors, a desirable hierarchical morphology is achieved in ternary small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs). The optimized morphology enables efficient charge generation and extraction, leading to an excellent power conversion efficiency of 17.06%. Furthermore, the ternary SM-OSCs show high tolerance to device fabrication conditions and film thickness, making them suitable for large-area manufacture and future practical applications.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

19.28% Efficiency and Stable Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Introducing an NIR-Absorbing Guest Acceptor

Qunping Fan et al.

Summary: By combining selenophene-fused core with naphthalene-containing end-group, a near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing small-molecule acceptor (SMA) Y-SeNF is developed and incorporated into a binary PM6:L8-BO host system, resulting in improved charge-transporting and suppressed non-radiative energy loss in ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs). The ternary PSCs achieve an impressive device efficiency of 19.28% with high photovoltage and photocurrent, and exhibit excellent stability under maximum-power-point tracking for over 200 hours. This study provides a novel strategy for efficient and stable PSCs towards practical applications.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Volatile Solid Additive Enables Oligothiophene All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Excellent Commercial Viability

Dingqin Hu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the use of a volatile solid additive, 1,8-dichloronaphthalene (DCN), can enhance the efficiency and stability of oligothiophene ASM-OSCs, making them commercially viable.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Regio-Isomerization of Noncovalently Conformational Locks

Xin Zhang et al.

Summary: By using noncovalent conformational locks (NoCLs), a pair of regioisomeric small-molecule donors (SMDs) has been synthesized, and the significant influence of regioisomeric effect on device performance has been demonstrated. Among different SMDs, BT-O2 exhibits better performance, and the introduction of fullerene derivative PC71BM further improves the performance.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High Miscibility Compatible with Ordered Molecular Packing Enables an Excellent Efficiency of 16.2% in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Lili Zhang et al.

Summary: This study proposes a strategy to alleviate the conflict between small domain and ordered packing in ASM-OSCs by modulating molecular interactions to achieve good miscibility and packing simultaneously. The optimized morphology with multi-length-scale domains and highly ordered packing resulted in a record efficiency of 16.2% in ASM-OSCs, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in designing high-performance organic solar cells.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent progress in organic solar cells (Part I material science)

Yahui Liu et al.

Summary: In recent years, organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant progress with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 18%, showing promising practical applications. Key research focuses in the OSC field include development in material science and interface materials. The article systematically summarizes the recent progress in these areas and discusses current challenges and future developments.

SCIENCE CHINA-CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Polymerized Small-Molecule Acceptor as an Interface Modulator to Increase the Performance of All-Small-Molecule Solar Cells

Ziqi Zhang et al.

Summary: The study introduces a polymerized small-molecule acceptor (PJ1) as an interface modulator to optimize the morphology of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) and improve power conversion efficiency. Adding a small amount of PJ1 effectively condenses the morphology, enhances crystallinity, and decreases domain sizes in ASM-OSCs, ultimately leading to accelerated hole transfer and enhanced charge transport.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Recent progress in all-small-molecule organic photovoltaics

Chunyu Xu et al.

Summary: Solution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have great potential in next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their advantages of light weight, low cost, easy fabrication, high mechanical flexibility and good semitransparency. However, all-small-molecule OPVs (SMPVs) still lag behind polymer based OPVs in terms of power conversion efficiency. In this review, the development of SMPVs is summarized as small molecular material design and device engineering, with challenges and perspectives discussed for further improvement. The summary on typical SMPV studies provides inspiration for researchers in synthesizing new small molecular materials and fabricating highly efficient SMPVs.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Influence of altering chlorine substitution positions on the photovoltaic properties of small molecule donors in all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Keli Shi et al.

Summary: In-depth understanding of the structure-property relationship in organic solar cells is crucial for the development of the field. This study demonstrates that side-chain isomerization can effectively tune the morphological features and improve the photovoltaic performance of small molecule donor materials.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Volatile Solid Additive-Assisted Sequential Deposition Enables 18.42% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells

Jianqiang Qin et al.

Summary: The study introduces a volatile solid additive-assisted sequential deposition strategy to optimize the morphology of the active layer in organic solar cells, resulting in enhanced performance. The combination of a volatile solid additive and sequential deposition method proves to be effective in developing high-performance OSCs.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Symmetrically Fluorinated Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-Cored Donor for High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Improved Active Layer Morphology and Crystallinity

Songming Cai et al.

Summary: Side-chain engineering is an efficient strategy for optimizing morphology and enhancing the performance of organic solar cells. In this study, a novel small-molecule donor C-2F with a symmetrically difluorinated benzene ring as a conjugated side chain was synthesized. The photovoltaic devices fabricated with C-2F:N3 as the active layer achieved outstanding power conversion efficiency and current density.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Asymmetric Substitution of End-Groups Triggers 16.34% Efficiency for All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Jinfeng Ge et al.

Summary: Asymmetric substitution of end-groups is applied in molecular donors for the first time, resulting in donors with increased dipole moments and enhanced aggregation propensity. Among the asymmetric donors studied, SM-CA-Reh shows the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF) when using N3 as the acceptor. Characterization results suggest that the packing morphology of blend films is mainly influenced by π-π interaction rather than dipole effect or crystallinity.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Tuning the Phase Separation by Thermal Annealing Enables High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Lingxian Meng et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that thermal annealing treatment can effectively tune the phase separation within the active layer morphology of organic solar cells, leading to enhanced device performance.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Single-junction organic solar cells with over 19% efficiency enabled by a refined double-fibril network morphology

Lei Zhu et al.

Summary: Morphological control of donor and acceptor domains is crucial for efficient organic photovoltaics, and this study demonstrates a double-fibril network strategy to achieve a high power conversion efficiency of 19.3%.

NATURE MATERIALS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent progress in organic solar cells (Part II device engineering)

Yahui Liu et al.

Summary: This review examines the rapid development of organic solar cells and highlights the importance of device engineering in achieving high power conversion efficiency. The challenges, problems, and future developments in this field are also discussed.

SCIENCE CHINA-CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 16% and FF over 80%

Lingxian Meng et al.

Summary: Molecule engineering is an effective strategy to adjust the active layer morphology in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). This study reports two non-fullerene acceptors, FO-2Cl and FO-EH-2Cl, with different alkyl side chains, and demonstrates the impact of molecular structure on device performance.

SMALL (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Modulation of the Fluorination Site on Side-Chain Thiophene Improved Efficiency in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Qinrui Ye et al.

Summary: This work demonstrates the importance of fine-tuning the phase-separated morphology in achieving efficient ASM-OSCs. By designing and synthesizing a pair of isomers, the substitution site of fluorine atoms was adjusted to improve the power conversion efficiency of ASM-OSCs.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

15.51 % efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells achieved by symmetric thiazolyl substitution

Simin Wu et al.

Summary: In this study, two new small molecule donors SW1 and SW2 were designed and synthesized using thiophene and thiazole substituents as side groups. The all-small-molecule (ASM) organic solar cells (OSCs) based on SW2 showed a significantly improved power conversion efficiency of 15.51%, larger open-circuit voltage, and fill factor compared to SW1. Further investigation revealed that thiazole acts as an excellent building block for optimizing energy levels, molecular stacking, and microscopic morphologies in ASM systems, resulting in highly efficient ASM-OSCs.

NANO ENERGY (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A novel chlorinated small molecule donor for efficient binary and ternary all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Chunyan Liu et al.

Summary: A new small molecule donor BTEHR-CT has been developed, showing excellent photovoltaic performances due to the introduction of chlorine atoms. By optimizing the binary device and incorporating PC71BM, a higher power conversion efficiency and favorable phase separation are achieved.

ORGANIC ELECTRONICS (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

Hydrogen Bond-Induced Cathode Engineering Enables Binary All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with 15.88% Efficiency and Enhanced Thermostability

Luye Cao et al.

Summary: All-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) have broad commercial prospects but face limitations in power conversion efficiency due to a lack of research on the transport layer. A proposed electron transport layer (ETL) optimization strategy, using 1,8-Octanediol (DOH) to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, improves device performance and stability, with potential for large-area and industrial production.

SOLAR RRL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Donor End-Capped Alkyl Chain Length Dependent Non-Radiative Energy Loss in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Lili Zhang et al.

Summary: The critical bottleneck in improving the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) is to reduce non-radiative energy loss while maximizing charge generation. By modifying the structure of the donor material, researchers have achieved both self-aggregation and condensed packing, leading to a significant decrease in energy loss and high efficiency in OSCs.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Rational control of sequential morphology evolution and vertical distribution toward 17.18% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Yanna Sun et al.

Summary: A highly efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 17.18% is demonstrated through layer-by-layer deposition and solid additive treatment. The controlled morphology allows for ordered molecular stacking and vertical charge transport, resulting in enhanced carrier generation and transport.

JOULE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Solvent annealing for morphology control to realize high efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Dingqin Hu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that carbon disulfide treatment can control the morphology of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) and improve their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The improved PCEs are attributed to better phase separation, reduced recombination, prolonged carrier lifetime, and facilitated charge extraction. The CS2-treated devices exhibit better performance compared to thermal annealing-based devices, with a higher PCE of 15.5%.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Over 17% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on an organic molecular donor employing a 2D side chain symmetry breaking strategy

Zhiya Li et al.

Summary: This study investigates the effects of two-dimensional asymmetric side chains in small molecule organic solar cells, and finds that the asymmetry in the side chains can optimize the morphology and electronic properties of the materials, leading to improved charge transport and higher solar cell efficiency.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Regulating phase separation and molecular stacking by introducing siloxane to small-molecule donors enables high efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Yilin Chang et al.

Summary: Siloxane-based intermolecular compatibility is demonstrated as an efficient method for achieving ordered phase separation morphology and improving the photovoltaic performance of all-small-molecule organic solar cells. The introduction of siloxane in small-molecule donors leads to a nanostructured bicontinuous interpenetrating network with improved exciton dissociation and charge transport. The resulting device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 16.4%.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

15.8% efficiency all-small-molecule solar cells enabled by a combination of side-chain engineering and polymer additive

Haiyan Liang et al.

Summary: Small-molecule organic solar cells are more suitable for commercial-scale manufacturing due to their well-defined chemical structure, easy synthesis, and low batch-to-batch variation. By designing novel small molecule donors and optimizing the bulk heterojunction morphology, the power conversion efficiencies of these solar cells can be significantly improved.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on a fluorinated small-molecule donor

Nailiang Qiu et al.

Summary: A new small-molecule donor, BTEHR-FT, has been designed and synthesized for the fabrication of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). It exhibits excellent solubility and thermal stability. By introducing fluorine atoms, it achieves a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level. After thermal annealing treatment, the solar cell shows a significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency.

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Crystallinity modulation of donors by heteroatom side-chain engineering and solvent additive achieving 14.3% all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Dandan Li et al.

Summary: This study successfully synthesized two new small molecule donors and investigated the effects of post-treatment on the structure and performance of ASM-OSCs. The addition of DIO additive significantly improved the power conversion efficiency and carrier mobility of BDT-S and BDT-O-based devices.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

Article Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical

Ultrafast electron transfer in all-small-molecule photovoltaic blends promoted by intermolecular interactions in cyanided donors

Guo-dong Wang et al.

Summary: Cyano substitution enhances intermolecular charge-transfer interaction in all-small-molecule blends, promoting ultrafast electron transfer and improving device performance. Delocalized excitations from cyanided donors undergo rapid electron transfer, while locally excited states without cyano substitution are not actively involved in charge separation.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

All small molecule ternary organic photovoltaic with two well compatible nonfullerene acceptors for minimizing energy loss

Zhiyong Liu et al.

Summary: The ternary strategy with BTR as donor, Y11 as host acceptor, and MeIC as guest acceptor achieved a high PCE of 13.85% in optimized SMPVs. An approximately 10% improvement in efficiency was realized compared to binary SMPVs, mainly due to the significantly increased J(SC).

SOLAR ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Combining chlorination and sulfuration strategies for high-performance all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Ruimin Zhou et al.

Summary: In this study, three small-molecule donors based on DTBDT unit were designed and synthesized, with chlorinated or/and sulfurated substitutions, along with a non-fullerene acceptor IDIC-4Cl. By combining chlorination and sulfuration strategies, energy levels, molar extinction coefficients, and crystallinities of donors can be effectively altered, with ZR1-S-Cl showing the best performance. The corresponding all-small-molecule organic solar cells achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 12.05% with IDIC-4Cl as an acceptor.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Fullerene/Non-fullerene Alloy for High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Maria Privado et al.

Summary: By optimizing the ratio of donor and acceptor materials, incorporating a blend of fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors into the active layer of organic solar cells has resulted in improved photovoltaic performance. The study suggests that the appropriate phase separation, increased crystallinity, and reduced π-π stacking distance in the ternary active layer are consistent with enhanced fill factors for the solar cells.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Layer-by-Layer Processed Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 18%

Lingling Zhan et al.

Summary: This study proposes and demonstrates a method to optimize the morphology of the active layer in organic photovoltaic devices by combining the layer-by-layer (LbL) procedure and the ternary strategy. By adding an asymmetric electron acceptor to the binary donor:acceptor host, a vertical phase distribution is formed, leading to improved efficiency in OPV devices.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Efficient ternary all small molecule organic photovoltaics with NC70BA as third component materials

Zhiyong Liu et al.

Summary: The study found that using NC(70)BA as the third component material in inverted small molecule organic photovoltaic devices can achieve higher power conversion efficiency, attributed to the increased photocurrent density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. The hollow spherical structure of NC(70)BA helps improve the continuity of electron transport channels, and the optimization of molecular arrangement and crystallinity in the ternary photoactive layer also supports enhanced performance.

DYES AND PIGMENTS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Over 15% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by a C-shaped small molecule donor with tailorable asymmetric backbone

Xunchang Wang et al.

Summary: This study introduces two C-shaped SM donors with asymmetric central cores, which exhibit matched absorption and energy levels with the acceptor Y6, leading to outstanding power conversion efficiency in ASM-OSCs. The asymmetric core design allows the SM donor to easily penetrate neighboring Y6 molecules, preventing rapid aggregation and large domains of single components in blends. This innovative approach paves the way for highly efficient ASM-OSCs.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Spatially Orthogonal 2D Sidechains Optimize Morphology in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Tong Shan et al.

Summary: This study investigates the effects of sidechains on morphology and device performance in all-small-molecule organic solar cells by using three non-fullerene acceptors. The results show that acceptors with spatially orthogonal alkyl chains can improve crystalline packing and increase power conversion efficiency, while acceptors with alternating sidechains may deteriorate device performance by disrupting the original packing of the donor/acceptor blend.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhancing the performances of all-small-molecule ternary organic solar cells via achieving optimized morphology and 3D charge pathways

Yanhong Chang et al.

Summary: The introduction of IDIC with weak crystallinity in the H11/IDIC-4F system led to the successful construction of a high-efficiency ternary ASM-OSC, optimizing the phase separation morphology and charge transport pathways, resulting in enhanced current density and fill factor.

CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Solvent Annealing Enables 15.39% Efficiency All-Small-Molecule Solar Cells through Improved Molecule Interconnection and Reduced Non-Radiative Loss

Jinfeng Ge et al.

Summary: The study found that solvent annealing with solvents of good solubility is more beneficial for molecular migration and crystallization than thermal annealing, leading to improved efficiency and performance of solar cells. CS2 solvent is better at optimizing donor domain size, improving molecular interconnection, reducing trap states, and decreasing non-radiative recombination. CS2 solvent treatment also helps enhance overall solar cell performance by reducing non-radiative recombination and improving efficiency.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Highly Efficient (15.08%) All-Small-Molecule Ternary Solar Cells Constructed with a Porphyrin as a Donor and Two Acceptors

Hemraj Dahiya et al.

Summary: By optimizing the ternary blend VC7:PC71BM:IT-4F, researchers were able to enhance the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells due to the increase in the parameters VOC, JSC, and FF.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Morphology Evolution Induced by Sequential Annealing Enabling Enhanced Efficiency in All-Small Molecule Solar Cells

Liangang Xiao et al.

Summary: Advancements in small-molecule non-fullerene acceptors have increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells. By improving crystallization properties and emphasizing the importance of morphology control during fabrication, highly efficient all-small molecule solar cells have been successfully developed.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Fine-Tuning Miscibility and π-π Stacking by Alkylthio Side Chains of Donor Molecules Enables High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Jing Guo et al.

Summary: The study investigated a series of A-D-A-type small-molecule donors based on benzodithiophene units, synthesized with different lengths of alkylthio side chains to regulate crystallinity and miscibility with the acceptor. The SMOSC based on the small-molecule donor SM8 with a mid-length alkylthio substituent achieved a PCE over 13%, demonstrating the potential of controlling phase separation and miscibility through side chain modulation.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cell with 19% Efficiency

Yong Cui et al.

Summary: By combining material design and ternary blending strategy, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.0% is achieved in single-junction OPV cells. Optimized active layer structure significantly improves the photovoltaic parameters, enhancing the performance and PCE values of the cells.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Eutectic phase behavior induced by a simple additive contributes to efficient organic solar cells

Jiehao Fu et al.

Summary: Introducing a solid additive, 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB), can enhance the active layer structure of organic solar cells (OSC) and improve performance. DIB treated OSCs exhibit tighter molecular stacking and more ordered molecular arrangement, leading to increased power conversion efficiency. In addition to performance enhancement, DIB treatment also improves device stability and is versatile for various types of OSCs.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Two-Pronged Effect of Warm Solution and Solvent-Vapor Annealing for Efficient and Stable All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Mengyun Jiang et al.

Summary: The use of a portfolio strategy involving warm solution and solvent-vapor annealing has successfully manipulated the morphology of small molecular active layers, leading to improved performance of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs).

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

15.8% efficiency binary all-small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by a selenophene substituted sematic liquid crystalline donor

Tongle Xu et al.

Summary: The study investigates the effect of selenophene substitution on the morphology and photovoltaic performance of liquid crystalline donors, and finds that the selenide donor exhibits higher intramolecular interaction and a more favored morphology, leading to outstanding power conversion efficiency up to 15.8%. This highlights the superiority of selenophene in constructing efficient small molecule liquid crystalline donors.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

17% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by nanoscale phase separation with a hierarchical branched structure

Jinzhao Qin et al.

Summary: The study found that the ternary bulk heterojunction layer with optimized composition can exhibit faster charge transfer processes, suppress geminate and non-geminate charge recombination, lower energetic disorder, and higher and more symmetric carrier mobilities. The nanoscale bicontinuous interpenetrating network with a hierarchical branched structure can be fully evolved in the BHJ layer with the optimal ternary composition.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

14.7% all-small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by fullerene derivative incorporation

Dingqin Hu et al.

Summary: The ternary strategy shows promise in enhancing the photovoltaic properties of all-small-molecule organic solar cells, with significant performance improvements resulting from reduced bimolecular and trap-assistant recombination, prolonged carrier lifetime, and facilitated charge extraction. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the ternary approach and provide an alternative path for selecting the third component.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Rational compatibility in a ternary matrix enables all-small-molecule organic solar cells with over 16% efficiency

Mengyun Jiang et al.

Summary: In this study, ternary small-molecule organic solar cells were fabricated by incorporating a small molecule acceptor Y7 as a morphology modulator into a B1:BO-4Cl matrix, enabling fine-tuning of molecular arrangement to facilitate charge extraction and achieving top-ranked power conversion efficiency.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-performance all-small-molecule organic solar cells without interlayers

Rui Sun et al.

Summary: In this study, a two-step solvent treatment strategy was introduced to construct high-performance all-small-molecule solar cells without interfacial layers, showing improved efficiency and good generality across different systems. This strategy has the potential to enhance device stability, extend the lifespan of ITO substrates, and reduce production costs of modules.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Research Progress of Small Molecule Donors with High Crystallinity in All Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Min Lv et al.

Summary: Organic solar cells are considered an important renewable energy source in the future due to their advantages of semitransparency, light-weight, and flexibility. Recent advancements in bulk heterojunction all-small molecule organic solar cells have achieved remarkable development, but still face challenges in terms of crystallinity and morphology.

ACTA CHIMICA SINICA (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Molecular ordering and phase segregation induced by a volatile solid additive for highly efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells

Shanshan Chen et al.

Summary: The study introduces a novel volatile solid additive IC-FI to improve efficiency of small-molecule organic solar cells by enhancing molecular ordering and phase separation within the active layer, leading to increased charge transport and extraction.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Energy-level modulation of coumarin-based molecular donors for efficient all small molecule fullerene-free organic solar cells

Rashmirekha Pradhan et al.

Summary: Efficient organic solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) >16% are achieved by tuning the electronic properties through structural modulation of coumarin-based electron donors. The ternary blend devices exhibit increased open circuit voltage (VOC) compared to the binary devices, with efficient charge transfer despite reduced HOMO orbital offset, resulting in lower energy loss. The study highlights the importance of simple coumarin-based donors in performance improvement for fullerene-free ternary organic solar cells.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Constructing high efficiency non-fullerene all-small-molecule ternary organic solar cells by employing structurally similar acceptors

Ziyun Huang et al.

Summary: This study introduces a new method to improve the performance of all-small-molecule organic solar systems through ternary strategies, incorporating a small amount of the IDIC acceptor into a ZR1-Cl : IDIC-4Cl based binary system. Results show that the good miscibility enabled by two structurally similar acceptors can enhance short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and fill factor, thereby increasing power conversion efficiency.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2021)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent progress on all-small molecule organic solar cells using small-molecule nonfullerene acceptors

Bin Kan et al.

Summary: Recent breakthroughs have been made in solution-processed organic solar cells combining small-molecule donor and nonfullerene acceptor, with certified efficiency over 15%. By modifying materials and optimizing morphology, researchers have achieved impressive progress in this area. Small-molecule materials with easily tuned properties will be a key focus for future developments.

INFOMAT (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Organic photovoltaic cell with 17% efficiency and superior processability

Yong Cui et al.

NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Delicate Morphology Control Triggers 14.7% Efficiency All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Hua Tang et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

The post-treatment effects on open circuit voltages and device performances in a high efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cell

Ziqi Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

15.34% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells with an improved fill factor enabled by a fullerene additive

Dingqin Hu et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Nonfullerene All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Yong Huo et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Cathode interfacial layer-free all small-molecule solar cells with efficiency over 12%

Hao Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

From Alloy-Like to Cascade Blended Structure: Designing High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Ternary Solar Cells

Zhen Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Design and application of volatilizable solid additives in non-fullerene organic solar cells

Runnan Yu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ternary solar cells with a mixed face-on and edge-on orientation enable an unprecedented efficiency of 12.1%

Tanya Kumari et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

New Wide Band Gap Donor for Efficient Fullerene-Free All-Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Liyan Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Tuning the optoelectronic properties for high-efficiency (>7.5%) all small molecule and fullerene-free solar cells

Maria Privado et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Improved Domain Size and Purity Enables Efficient All-Small-Molecule Ternary Solar Cells

Hao Zhang et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Critical light instability in CB/DIO processed PBDTTT-EFT:PC71BM organic photovoltaic devices

Andrew J. Pearson et al.

ORGANIC ELECTRONICS (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

High performance all-small-molecule solar cells: engineering the nanomorphology via processing additives

Jie Min et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2016)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Synergistic Effects of Morphological Control and Complementary Absorption in Efficient All-Small-Molecule Ternary-Blend Solar Cells

Mahmoud E. Farahat et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

An All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cell with High Efficiency Nonfullerene Acceptor

Oh Kyu Kwon et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2015)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Additives for morphology control in high-efficiency organic solar cells

Hsueh-Chung Liao et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Effect of Trace Solvent on the Morphology of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Lilian Chang et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Structural Order in Bulk Heterojunction Films Prepared with Solvent Additives

James T. Rogers et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Watching the Annealing Process One Polymer Chain at a Time

Jan Vogelsang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Efficient Solar Cell Polymers Developed via Fine-Tuning of Structural and Electronic Properties

Yongye Liang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2009)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Processing additives for improved efficiency from bulk heterojunction solar cells

Jae Kwan Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2008)