Journal
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
Volume 21, Issue -, Pages 1-19Publisher
KEAI PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.023
Keywords
Biological camouflage; Immunogenic cell death; Prolonged blood circulation; Immune -regulating; Nanovaccine
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This article reviews the challenges in nano-immunotherapy related to immune elimination and immunosuppressive microenvironment in cancer treatment. To address these issues, immune-regulating camouflaged nanocomposites have emerged as prevailing strategies. The article discusses the composition, performances, and mechanisms of various immune-regulating nanoplatforms and their applications in cancer immunotherapy and other immunotherapeutic modalities.
Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times, there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment, such as (namely) inevitable immune elimination of nanoplat-forms and severely immunosuppressive microenvironment with low immunogenicity, hampering the perfor-mance of nanomedicines. To address these issues, several immune-regulating camouflaged nanocomposites have emerged as prevailing strategies due to their unique characteristics and specific functionalities. In this review, we emphasize the composition, performances, and mechanisms of various immune-regulating camouflaged nano -platforms, including polymer-coated, cell membrane-camouflaged, and exosome-based nanoplatforms to evade the immune clearance of nanoplatforms or upregulate the immune function against the tumor. Further, we discuss the applications of these immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms in directly boosting cancer immunotherapy and some immunogenic cell death-inducing immunotherapeutic modalities, such as chemo-therapy, photothermal therapy, and reactive oxygen species-mediated immunotherapies, highlighting the cur-rent progress and recent advancements. Finally, we conclude the article with interesting perspectives, suggesting future tendencies of these innovative camouflaged constructs towards their translation pipeline.
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