Novel chemically modified carbon paste electrode for the reliable nanomolar detection of propranolol and cyclodextrin inclusion complex investigation

The efficiency of a new potentiometric carbon paste sensor for the fast, easy and selective measurement of propranolol was described. The potentiometric sensor was constructed using propranolol-tungstosilicate ion association as an excellent ionophore in the carbon paste matrix. The developed sensor exhibited a Nernstian slope of 59.2 mV/decade for propranolol over the concentration limit of 1.7 x 10-9 - 2.2 x 10-4 M and a limit of detection 9.3 x 10- 10 M. The electrode has a fast response time, satisfactory reproducibility, long lifetime and excellent selectivities for propranolol relative to a diversity of exterior organic and inorganic species. The efficacy of temperature on the potential response of the sensor was investigated, and it was found that the sensor possessed a low temperature coefficient. Potentiometric measurements of propranolol in biological and pharmaceutical samples such as blood serum, urine, milk and tablet were investigated by the proposed sensor, and appropriate recoveries and accuracies were obtained. Moreover, the sensor was applied to examine the inclusion complex formation between propranolol and & beta;-cyclodextrin, and the corresponding formation constant was calculated.

Automated summary

This study describes a new potentiometric carbon paste sensor for the measurement of propranolol, which has the advantages of fast, easy and selective detection. The sensor utilizes the propranolol-tungstosilicate ion association as an excellent ionophore in the carbon paste matrix. It exhibits a high sensitivity and selectivity for propranolol over a wide concentration range, along with a fast response time, good reproducibility, and long lifetime. The sensor is also successfully applied to the analysis of propranolol in biological and pharmaceutical samples, and the formation constant of the inclusion complex between propranolol and β-cyclodextrin is determined.