Pharmaceutical polymers and P-glycoprotein: Current trends and possible outcomes in drug delivery

Drug resistance is considered a key reason behind the failure of therapeutic medications in treating chronic diseases, including hypertension, cancer therapeutics, and antimicrobial agents. Among the strategies used to overcome drug resistance are therapeutic targeting of other factors involved in altered biochemical or phar-macological pathways or targeting the resistance factors themselves. There are numerous factors beyoned drug resistance; P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance proteins are among the most causative factor for drug resistance development. Herein, this review is concerned with the character of pharmaceutical polymers as P-gp inhibitors and how modifying their physicochemical properties could compromise the efflux and transport characteristics of P-gps. A wide range of P-gp inhibitors are available, including designed chemicals, pharma-ceutical excipients, and formulations. Chitosan, Soluplus (R), Poloxamers, polyethylene glycols, dendrimers, anionic gums, sodium alginate, and other functionalized polymers could be harnessed as drug delivery tools through their promising effect on P-gp. Additionally, we discussed the use of pharmaceutical polymers in a variety of therapies by leveraging their exceptional physicochemical properties, which enhance their bioavail-ability, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer properties.

Automated summary

Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of chronic diseases, and various approaches have been developed to overcome it, including targeting other factors involved in altered pathways or targeting the resistance factors themselves. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance proteins are among the most causative factors for drug resistance. This review focuses on the use of pharmaceutical polymers as P-gp inhibitors and discusses how modifying their properties can affect P-gp's function. Various P-gp inhibitors, such as chitosan, Soluplus (R), Poloxamers, polyethylene glycols, dendrimers, anionic gums, sodium alginate, and other functionalized polymers, show promise as drug delivery tools by interfering with P-gp. Additionally, pharmaceutical polymers have been utilized in different therapies due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, enhancing their bioavailability, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer properties.