AC power analysis for second-order memory elements

As the product of a circuit's voltage and current, apparent power (S) is of paramount necessity and importance in electrical utilities, electronics, communication, and neural network systems. Based on the existing AC power analysis on the two-terminal passive elements (i.e., R, L, and C), some in-depth research on AC apparent power calculations for second-order memory elements and memristive systems is introduced to help with revealing their complex and unique non-linear phenomena. This paper derives the forms of real power, reactive power, and apparent power for the proposed second-order memory elements (i.e., MR, MC, and ML) and reveals the difference between ideal memory elements and traditional passive ones (i.e., R, C, and L). For all involved memory elements, harmonic values and an extra term occur in the expression of powers to represent their memory characteristics. Especially, the real power is a function of a circuit's dissipative elements (usually resistances R), but not exactly the memristor (MR). Then, the corresponding curves could be depicted, which demonstrate the differences between R/C/L and MR/MC/ML and verified that harmonic values existed in S ( MR )/S ( MC )/S ( ML ), meaning that it would perpetually supply energy when operated with an alternating current.

Automated summary

This paper investigates the AC apparent power calculations for second-order memory elements and memristive systems, revealing their complex non-linear phenomena. The expressions for real power, reactive power, and apparent power are derived, highlighting the differences between ideal memory elements and traditional passive ones. The results show the presence of harmonic values and an extra term in the apparent power, indicating a continuous energy supply when operated with AC.