Improvements for Tissue-Chopping-Based Immunofluorescence Staining Method of Chloroplast Proteins

Immunofluorescence staining is a very common method for the subcellular localization study of proteins. A tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method for chloroplast proteins overcomes the restriction of plant cell wall, makes the operation simpler, and uses less experimental materials. Here we provide some improvements for this method. We found that the stained tissues can be directly observed with a confocal microscope without tissue lysis. Samples maintained at a low temperature (0-4 degrees C) throughout the process can reduce the intensity of chlorophyll autofluorescence and the background signal. A low temperature is also good for the storage of the sample. Fluorescence signal of the stained samples can be kept for several weeks if they are stored at -20 degrees C. FtsZ is an essential component of the chloroplast division apparatus. We demonstrated this method with the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in wildtype Arabidopsis and some chloroplast division mutants. We also successfully tested this method by the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in many other plants, including woody plants. With these procedures, the performance of tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method are further improved.

Automated summary

Immunofluorescence staining is widely used in the subcellular localization study of proteins. A tissue-chopping-based method for immunofluorescence staining of chloroplast proteins is improved by direct observation of stained tissues using a confocal microscope without tissue lysis and by maintaining a low temperature throughout the process. This method has been successfully applied to the staining of FtsZ1 in wildtype and mutant Arabidopsis, as well as in other plants, leading to further improvement of the tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method.