Evaluation of β-Lactamase Enzyme Activity in Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Isolated from Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Salmonella Infantis Strains

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoparticles released by Gram-negative bacteria, which contain different cargo molecules and mediate several biological processes. Recent studies have shown that OMVs are involved in antibiotic-resistance (AR) mechanisms by including beta-lactamase enzymes in their lumen. Since no studies have as yet been conducted on Salmonella enterica subs. enterica serovar Infantis' OMVs, the aim of the work was to collect OMVs from five S. Infantis beta-lactam resistant strains isolated from a broiler meat production chain and to investigate whether beta-lactamase enzymes are included in OMVs during their biogenesis. OMVs were isolated by means of ultrafiltration and a Nitrocefin assay quantified the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes in the OMVs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to identify the OMVs. The results showed that all strains release spherical OMVs, ranging from 60 to 230 nm. The Nitrocefin assay highlighted the presence of fi-lactamase enzymes within the OMVs. This suggests that beta-lactamase enzymes also get packaged into OMVs from bacterial periplasm during OMV biogenesis. An investigation into the possible role played by OMVs in AR mechanisms would open the door for an opportunity to develop new, therapeutic strategies.

Automated summary

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoparticles released by Gram-negative bacteria, which contain different cargo molecules and mediate several biological processes. OMVs from five S. Infantis beta-lactam resistant strains were collected and investigated for the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. The results showed that all strains release spherical OMVs ranging from 60 to 230 nm, and beta-lactamase enzymes were found within the OMVs.