Journal
FOODS
Volume 12, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/foods12132452
Keywords
cereals; pseudocereals; grain fraction; elements; ICP-MS; beta-glucan; protein
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This study investigated the effects of hulling, cleaning, and brushing/polishing on the physical and nutritional characteristics of various (pseudo)cereal grains. The composition of protein, fat, beta-glucan, and macro- and microelements varied significantly among the different grains and their fractions. However, the brushing/polishing process did not significantly affect the composition of the edible fractions.
(Pseudo)cereal grains have been the basis of human nutrition for thousands of years. The various types of cereals are usually harvested by grain harvesters and must be technologically processed in different ways before consumption. In addition to genotype and growing conditions, the compositional characteristics of the (pseudo)cereal grains are highly dependent on the processes used. In the present study, the effects of hulling, cleaning and brushing/polishing wheat, spelt, oat, barley, common and Tartary buckwheat grains and their fractions on physical parameters (thousand kernel weight, kernel width, fractional yield) and nutritional characteristics (protein, fat, beta-glucan, macro- and microelements) were investigated. Grain samples contained 22.7-148.5 mg/g protein, 4.5-69.6 mg/g fat and 0.5-54.4 mg/g beta-glucan. The content of macro-(K, Mg, P, S, Ca) and microelements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Na, Cu, Cr, Mo) varied considerably among the studied (pseudo)cereals and their grain fractions. Analysis of variance showed that species and fractions significantly influenced most of the analyzed characteristics. However, the composition of the edible fractions was not significantly dependent on the brushing/polishing process.
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