Evaluation of safety and efficacy of inhaled ambroxol in hospitalized adult patients with mucopurulent sputum and expectoration difficulty

Background: Ambroxol is a widely used mucoactive drug in sputum clearance of respiratory diseases taken orally and by injection. However, there is a paucity of evidence for inhaled ambroxol in sputum clearance. Methods: This study performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 19 centers in China. Hospitalized adult patients with mucopurulent sputum and expectoration difficulty were recruited. Patients were randomized by 1:1 to receive inhalation of either ambroxol hydrochloride solution 3mL (22.5mg)+0.9% sodium chloride 3 mL or 0.9% sodium chloride 6mL twice daily for 5days, with an interval of more than 6h. The primary efficacy endpoint was the absolute change in the sputum property score after treatment compared to the baseline in the intention-to-treat population. Results: Between 10 April 2018 and 23 November 2020, 316 patients were recruited and assessed for eligibility, of whom 138 who received inhaled ambroxol and 134 who received a placebo were included. Patients who received inhaled ambroxol had a significantly greater decrease in the sputum property score compared with patients who received inhalation of placebo (difference: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.05; p=0.0215). Compared with the placebo, inhaled ambroxol also significantly reduced more expectoration volume in 24h (difference: -0.18; 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.03; p= 0.0166). There was no significant difference in the proportion of adverse events between the two groups, and no deaths were reported. Discussion: In hospitalized adult patients with mucopurulent sputum and expectoration difficulty, inhaled ambroxol was safe and effective for sputum clearance compared with a placebo.

Automated summary

This study demonstrated that inhaled ambroxol, taken orally or by injection, is an effective and safe drug for sputum clearance in respiratory diseases, compared to a placebo.