Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota Remodeling, and Cardiometabolic Disease

The cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, collectively known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are high morbidity and mortality pathologies associated with lower quality of life and increasing health-care costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in dictating the interpersonal variability in CMD susceptibility, progression and treatment response is beginning to be deciphered, as is the mutualistic relation established between the GM and diet. In particular, dietary factors emerge as pivotal determinants shaping the architecture and function of resident microorganisms in the human gut. In turn, intestinal microbes influence the absorption, metabolism, and storage of ingested nutrients, with potentially profound effects on host physiology. Herein, we present an updated overview on major effects of dietary components on the GM, highlighting the beneficial and detrimental consequences of diet-microbiota crosstalk in the setting of CMD. We also discuss the promises and challenges of integrating microbiome data in dietary planning aimed at restraining CMD onset and progression with a more personalized nutritional approach.

Automated summary

Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), have high morbidity and mortality rates and are associated with lower quality of life and increasing healthcare costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) on CMD susceptibility, progression, and treatment response is starting to be understood, as well as the symbiotic relationship between the GM and diet. Dietary factors play a pivotal role in shaping the composition and function of gut microorganisms, while these microorganisms influence the absorption, metabolism, and storage of nutrients. This article provides an updated overview of the effects of dietary components on the GM and discusses the potential benefits and challenges of utilizing microbiome data in personalized nutritional approaches to prevent and manage CMD.