Oxygen Uptake Kinetics and Time Limit at Maximal Aerobic Workload in Tethered Swimming

This study aimed to apply an incremental tethered swimming test (ITT) with workloads (WL) based on individual rates of front crawl mean tethered force (Fmean) for the identification of the upper boundary of heavy exercise (by means of respiratory compensation point, RCP), and therefore to describe oxygen uptake kinetics (VO(2)k) and time limit (t(Lim)) responses to WL corresponding to peak oxygen uptake (WLVO2peak). Sixteen swimmers of both sexes (17.6 & PLUSMN; 3.8 years old, 175.8 & PLUSMN; 9.2 cm, and 68.5 & PLUSMN; 10.6 kg) performed the ITT until exhaustion, attached to a weight-bearing pulley-rope system for the measurements of gas exchange threshold (GET), RCP, and VO2peak. The WL was increased by 5% from 30 to 70% of Fmean at every minute, with Fmean being measured by a load cell attached to the swimmers during an all-out 30 s front crawl bout. The pulmonary gas exchange was sampled breath by breath, and the mathematical description of VO(2)k used a first-order exponential with time delay (TD) on the average of two rest-to-work transitions at WLVO2peak. The mean VO2peak approached 50.2 & PLUSMN; 6.2 mL & BULL;kg(-1)& BULL;min(-1) and GET and RCP attained (respectively) 67.4 & PLUSMN; 7.3% and 87.4 & PLUSMN; 3.4% VO2peak. The average t(Lim) was 329.5 & PLUSMN; 63.6 s for both sexes, and all swimmers attained VO2peak (100.4 & PLUSMN; 3.8%) when considering the primary response of VO2 (A(1 & PRIME;) = 91.8 & PLUSMN; 6.7%VO2peak) associated with the VO2 slow component (SC) of 10.7 & PLUSMN; 6.7% of end-exercise VO2, with time constants of 24.4 & PLUSMN; 9.8 s for A(1 & PRIME;) and 149.3 & PLUSMN; 29.1 s for SC. Negative correlations were observed for t(Lim) to VO2peak, WLVO2peak, GET, RCP, and EEVO2 (r = -0.55, -0.59, -0.58, -0.53, and -0.50). Thus, the VO(2)k during tethered swimming at WLVO2peak reproduced the physiological responses corresponding to a severe domain. The findings also demonstrated that t(Lim) was inversely related to aerobic conditioning indexes and to the ability to adjust oxidative metabolism to match target VO2 demand during exercise.

Automated summary

This study aimed to determine the upper boundary of heavy exercise and describe the oxygen uptake kinetics and time limit responses. The study found negative correlations between t(Lim) and various conditioning indexes, indicating that t(Lim) is related to aerobic capacity and the ability to adjust oxidative metabolism during exercise.