4.6 Article

Chronometabolism: The Timing of the Consumption of Meals Has a Greater Influence Than Glycemic Index (GI) on the Postprandial Metabolome

Journal

METABOLITES
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040490

Keywords

glycemic index; timing of meal intake; metabolomics; glucose homeostasis; cardiometabolic disease risk

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Using targeted metabolomics, we compared the postprandial metabolic responses between breakfast and dinner timing, and high and low glycemic index meals in a group of healthy older Chinese adults. The findings suggest that eating dinner late may lead to worse metabolic state while the glycemic index of the meal has minimal impact on metabolic responses.
Eating late in the day is associated with circadian desynchrony, resulting in dysregulated metabolism and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using targeted metabolomics of postprandial plasma samples from a secondary analysis of a randomised 2 x 2 crossover study in 36 healthy older Chinese adults, we have compared postprandial metabolic responses between high (HI) glycemic index (GI) or low-GI (LO) meals, consumed either at breakfast (BR) or at dinner (DI). 29 out of 234 plasma metabolites exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) in postprandial AUC between BR and DI sessions, whereas only five metabolites were significantly different between HI and LO sessions. There were no significant interactions between intake timing and meal GI. Lower glutamine: glutamate ratio, lower lysine and higher trimethyllysine (TML) levels were found during DI compared with BR, along with greater postprandial reductions (delta AUC) in creatine and ornithine levels during DI, indicating a worse metabolic state during the evening DI period. Greater reductions (delta AUC) in postprandial creatine and ornithine were also observed during HI compared with LO (both p < 0.05). These metabolomic changes may indicate potential molecular signatures and/or pathways linking metabolic responses with cardiometabolic disease risk between different meal intake timings and/or meals with variable GI.

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