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Summary: Less than 50% of kidney transplant recipients developed antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine. A third dose of either mRNA or vector vaccine increased antibody response in 39% of KTRs without prior immune response, but neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response remained low. Triple immunosuppression, longer time after transplant, and torque teno virus plasma levels were associated with vaccine response. Local pain was higher with mRNA vaccine, but systemic symptoms were similar between groups.
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Chukwuma A. Chukwu et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccines in 707 kidney transplant recipients and found a poor response after two doses of the vaccine. The use of mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressive drug used after kidney transplantation, had a negative impact on vaccine response.
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Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee et al.
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy of covid-19 vaccines between immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The results showed that immunocompromised patients, especially organ transplant recipients, had significantly lower rates of seroconversion after covid-19 vaccination. A second dose of the vaccine consistently improved seroconversion in all patient groups, although the improvement was smaller for organ transplant recipients. Targeted interventions, including a third dose (booster) of the vaccine, should be performed for immunocompromised patients.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Tina Thomson et al.
Summary: Solid organ transplant recipients have attenuated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, we observed immune responses to the third and fourth doses of heterologous and homologous vaccines in kidney transplant patients. The results showed that the majority of transplant patients developed immune responses after three doses of the vaccine, but some patients did not. After the fourth dose of the vaccine, some patients exhibited new immune responses.
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Summary: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who are low responders to COVID-19 vaccines require specific immune surveillance. This study evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in KTRs with absent antibody production after a third dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine using two different IGRA methods. The commercial IGRAs showed a good overall agreement on negative samples, but further investigations are needed.
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Summary: This retrospective study aimed to characterize antibody responses induced by a third dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients and CLL patients. Results showed a moderate increase in SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG levels after the third dose, but the impact on prevalence of anti-spike IgG & GE; 30 BAU/mL was limited in these immunocompromised patients.
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Summary: The study on 148 kidney transplant recipients showed that the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicited either cellular or humoral response in 65.0% of the patients. Approximately 20.9% of patients were considered to have prior immunization against SARS-CoV-2, while 79.1% were deemed naïve to the virus.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
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Mei Peng et al.
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Ruta Vaiciuniene et al.
Summary: Only one third of kidney transplant patients develop sufficient antibody responses after full COVID-19 vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech. Better kidney function, higher hemoglobin level, and no use of mycophenolate mofetil for immunosuppression increases the adequacy of response. Antibody titers correlated positively with the relative number of CD8+ cells and negatively with CD4/CD8 ratio in responders.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
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Julian Stumpf et al.
Summary: The study showed that dialysis patients had a high seroconversion rate after receiving the boost vaccination, while the majority of transplant recipients had impaired humoral responses. The type and number of immunosuppressive drugs, as well as the type of vaccine, were major determinants of seroconversion failure in both dialysis and transplant patients.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
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Arne Sattler et al.
Summary: The study analyzed immune responses in kidney transplant recipients after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, finding weaker antibody responses in transplant patients compared to healthy individuals and most hemodialysis patients. Additionally, spike-specific T cell responses were significantly reduced in transplant patients, indicating a need for revised vaccination strategies in immunosuppressed individuals.
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Summary: The COVID-19 infection has rapidly spread globally, prompting a second wave in many countries. The Italian society of arterial hypertension's SARS-RAS study has significantly contributed to understanding the interaction between inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and COVID-19 infection, shedding light on key aspects of mortality and morbidity associated with the disease.
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