Related references
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Article
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Summary: The study found that some disease modifying therapies are associated with attenuated serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis, including anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and fingolimod treatment. Additionally, vaccine type and treatment duration also impact vaccine response.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
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Clinical Neurology
Carla Tortorella et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the immune-specific response after full SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with different disease-modifying drugs. The results showed that mRNA vaccines induced both humoral and cell-mediated specific immune responses against viral spike proteins in the majority of patients with MS. These findings have important implications for promoting vaccination in all MS patients.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Shirley Collie et al.
Summary: Preliminary data from a test-negative study design in South Africa showed that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine had an efficacy of 50 to 70% against hospitalization caused by the omicron variant in Gauteng province.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
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Ana Zabalza et al.
Summary: This study investigated the humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent COVID-19 patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and explored factors influencing the persistence of these immune responses. The results showed that both humoral and cellular responses can persist for several months in convalescent patients, but they are influenced by treatment methods and disease characteristics.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maryam Golshani et al.
Summary: This article reviews the literature on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its impact on multiple sclerosis (MS). It provides current data on the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of vaccines against COVID-19. It also discusses the effects of Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs) on COVID-19 severity and vaccination in MS patients, as well as the safety profiles of different vaccine platforms in MS patients.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Carmen Tur et al.
Summary: In recent years, there have been rapid developments in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), with a wide range of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) now available. However, most DMTs come with the risk of adverse events, particularly infections. To address this, an international workshop sponsored by the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) was held in April 2021 to review the current knowledge on infection risks associated with DMT use in MS and NMOSD patients, and to discuss strategies for risk mitigation. The workshop also explored specific populations, such as children, pregnant women, individuals with comorbidities, and those living in regions with high infection burden, as well as the impact of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on DMT-associated infectious risks.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
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H. Bock et al.
Summary: This study shows that S1P inhibitors impair the cellular and humoral immune response in SARS CoV-2 vaccination, while patients receiving B-cell depleting therapies mount an intact cellular immune response.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
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Jonas Herzberg et al.
Summary: The immune response induced by the mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b2 declines after 9 months, highlighting the potential benefit of booster vaccinations. Age and obesity have a negative impact on immune persistence.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sebastian Havervall et al.
Summary: This study investigated the long-term impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination. The results showed that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially enhanced T-cell responses, anti-spike IgG responses, and neutralising antibodies in vaccinated individuals. These findings suggest that prior infection should be considered when planning future COVID-19 vaccine programs.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
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Summary: The study investigated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients receiving CD20-targeted B-cell-depleting therapies. Results showed blunted immune responses in these patients, indicating potential challenges in vaccination strategies for this population.
LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY
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Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucia Moiola et al.
Summary: The risk of infection associated with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive disease-modifying drugs in patients with MS has been increasingly addressed in recent scientific literature. Expert panel developed recommendations on a wide range of infections risks and different DMDs in patients with MS, including prevention strategies and surveillance strategies for early identification of infections.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Sette et al.
Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer M. Dan et al.
Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Susana Otero-Romero et al.
Summary: New evidence supports the lack of causal link between MS and vaccination, with consensus statements emphasizing the importance of starting vaccination early. Timing adjustments for vaccine administration are necessary to ensure safety and optimize vaccine responses in light of potential interference from DMDs. Patients on B-cell depleting therapies like Ocrelizumab are at risk of reduced immunogenicity to vaccines, highlighting the implications for upcoming SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carolina Lucas et al.
Summary: This study found that individuals previously infected with the virus had higher antibody titres post-vaccination compared to those who were uninfected, but both groups reached comparable levels of neutralization responses to the ancestral strain after the second vaccine dose. Comprehensive analysis of 16 locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed varying degrees of reduction in neutralization capacity associated with specific mutations in the spike gene, suggesting vaccine boosters as a relevant future strategy to counteract the impact of emerging variants on antibody neutralizing activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuo Feng et al.
Summary: Defined levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine were identified as correlates of protection against symptomatic infection. Higher levels of immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. The data can be used to extrapolate efficacy estimates to new populations.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
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Paul A. Kristiansen et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sokratis A. Apostolidis et al.
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 monotherapy exhibit significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and memory B cells, while CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are robustly activated compared to healthy controls after receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccination.
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