☆ 4.7 Review

Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID

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Bruce K. Patterson et al.

Summary: CCR5 and its ligands play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, with a focus on immune responses. Elevated B-cells and certain monocytic subsets were observed in COVID-19 patients, while certain T-cell subsets were decreased compared to healthy controls. Various cytokines showed significantly different levels in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, indicating immune dysregulation in the disease process.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Activation of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes and Presence of Regulatory T Cells in the Trachea of Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Chickens as a Recall to an Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Challenge

Daniel Maekawa et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the immune responses in chickens vaccinated with different ILTV vaccines and found that CEO vaccine protection was characterized by early and enhanced CTL responses, while TCO and rHVT-LT vaccines were associated with moderate CTL responses followed by enhanced NK cell response. Tregs increase was only detected in non-vaccinated challenged group to support healing.

VACCINES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact

Hannah E. Davis et al.

Summary: Patients with Long COVID report prolonged, multisystem involvement and significant disability. By seven months, many patients have not yet recovered (mainly from systemic and neurological/cognitive symptoms), have not returned to previous levels of work, and continue to experience significant symptom burden.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and predictors of acute and chronic post-COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Fahad M. Iqbal et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of clinical characteristics of acute and chronic post-COVID syndrome, finding that fatigue and dyspnoea were the most prevalent symptoms in acute stage, while fatigue and sleep disturbance were the most prevalent symptoms in chronic stage. However, the overall quality of available evidence is poor, with significant risk of bias.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Longitudinal proteomic analysis of severe COVID-19 reveals survival-associated signatures, tissue-specific cell death, and cell-cell interactions

Michael R. Filbin et al.

Summary: This study analyzed thousands of plasma proteins longitudinally in COVID-19 patients, uncovering immune and non-immune proteins linked to the disease. Dynamic immune-cell-derived and tissue-associated proteins associated with survival were identified. The research proposed a model in which interactions among myeloid, epithelial, and T cells drive tissue damage in severe COVID-19 disease.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Characteristics of T-cell responses in COVID-19 patients with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 positivity - a cohort study

Jingyi Yang et al.

Summary: Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 positivity (PP) is associated with suppressed CD8(+) T-cell differentiation, which may serve as an indicator for predicting prolonged positivity in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, PP cohort showed a weaker SARS-CoV-2 N protein-specific IFN-gamma(+) T-cell response and a higher frequency of Tregs.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The role of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19: implications for treatment

Yifei Wang et al.

Summary: Tregs play a crucial role in COVID-19, influencing disease severity and immunopathology mechanisms. They may help regulate immune responses in the early stages and alleviate organ damage in the later stages.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Jing He et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

W. Guan et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Immunology

High-dimensional immune profiling by mass cytometry revealed immunosuppression and dysfunction of immunity in COVID-19 patients

Wenjing Wang et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Using IL-2R/lymphocytes for predicting the clinical progression of patients with COVID-19

H. Hou et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China

Chuan Qin et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019

Guang Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

On the Alert for Cytokine Storm: Immunopathology in COVID-19

Lauren A. Henderson et al.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19

Maximilian Ackermann et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Regulatory T Cells for Treating Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Two Case Reports

Douglas E. Gladstone et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Respiratory System

Potential of regulatory T-cell-based therapies in the management of severe COVID-19

Emmanuel Stephen-Victor et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2020)

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Letter Immunology

Potential contribution of increased soluble IL-2R to lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients

Yaguang Zhang et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biology

IL18 signaling promotes homing of mature Tregs into the thymus

Cristina Peligero-Cruz et al.

ELIFE (2020)

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Article Immunology

GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response

Christopher E. Rudd

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Virology

Mild Cytokine Elevation, Moderate CD4+ T Cell Response and Abundant Antibody Production in Children with COVID-19

Ran Jia et al.

VIROLOGICA SINICA (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Imbalance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD4+ T Cells in COVID-19

Benjamin J. Meckiff et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Regulatory T cells: Master thieves of the immune system

Billur Akkaya et al.

CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19

Aakriti Gupta et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications

Divij Mathew et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Incidence of COVID-19 in a cohort of adult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases treated with targeted biologic and synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs

Xabier Michelena et al.

SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Sara De Biasi et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Treg Enhancing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases

Peter J. Eggenhuizen et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Cutting Edge: Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Activity Induces the Generation and Enhanced Suppressive Function of Human IL-10+ FOXP3+-Induced Regulatory T Cells

Hao Cheng et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

T-Cell Hyperactivation and Paralysis in Severe COVID-19 Infection Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis

Bahire Kalfaoglu et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

The differential immune responses to COVID-19 in peripheral and lung revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing

Gang Xu et al.

CELL DISCOVERY (2020)

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Letter Virology

Longitudinal Characteristics of T Cell Responses in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Jingyi Yang et al.

VIROLOGICA SINICA (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multi-Omics Resolves a Sharp Disease-State Shift between Mild and Moderate COVID-19

Yapeng Su et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Oncology

Immunological features of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with cancer

Marion Thibaudin et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Virulence and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques: A nonhuman primate model of COVID-19 progression

Huiwen Zheng et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Covid-19 hyperinflammation and post-Covid-19 illness may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome

Lawrence B. Afrin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study

Li Tan et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Increased IL-10-producing regulatory T cells are characteristic of severe cases of COVID-19

Julika Neumann et al.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

A Novel Role for IL-6 Receptor Classic Signaling: Induction of RORγt+Foxp3+ Tregs with Enhanced Suppressive Capacity

Julia Hagenstein et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A human anti-IL-2 antibody that potentiates regulatory T cells by a structure-based mechanism

Eleonora Trotta et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Immunology

Notch ligand Delta-like 4 induces epigenetic regulation of Treg cell differentiation and function in viral infection

Hung-An Ting et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification and validation of a tumor-infiltrating Treg transcriptional signature conserved across species and tumor types

Angela M. Magnuson et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Review Immunology

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Treg: A Promising Approach to Inducing Immunological Tolerance

Qunfang Zhang et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human IDO-competent, long-lived immunoregulatory dendritic cells induced by intracellular pathogen, and their fate in humanized mice

Rajeev K. Tyagi et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

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Article Immunology

Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected Regulatory T Cells Suppress Experimental Allergic Airway Inflammation, a Model of Asthma

Jelena Skuljec et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Review Oncology

Cell-Based Therapies with T Regulatory Cells

Mateusz Gliwinski et al.

BIODRUGS (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Interferon-γ Drives Treg Fragility to Promote Anti-tumor Immunity

Abigail E. Overacre-Delgoffe et al.

CELL (2017)

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Review Immunology

Tissue Tregs

Marisella Panduro et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 34 (2016)

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Review Immunology

Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Role and Therapeutic Targeting

Belal Chaudhary et al.

VACCINES (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Distinct Function of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Protection

Nicholas Arpaia et al.

CELL (2015)

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Article Immunology

Epithelial-derived IL-18 regulates Th17 cell differentiation and Foxp3+ Treg cell function in the intestine

O. J. Harrison et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The microbiota regulates type 2 immunity through RORγt+ T cells

Caspar Ohnmacht et al.

SCIENCE (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Individual intestinal symbionts induce a distinct population of RORγ+ regulatory T cells

Esen Sefik et al.

SCIENCE (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Control of the Inheritance of Regulatory T Cell Identity by a cis Element in the Foxp3 Locus

Yongqiang Feng et al.

CELL (2014)

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Article Oncology

Ultra Low-Dose IL-2 for GVHD Prophylaxis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Mediates Expansion of Regulatory T Cells without Diminishing Antiviral and Antileukemic Activity

Alana A. Kennedy-Nasser et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2014)

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Review Immunology

tTregs, pTregs, and iTregs: similarities and differences

Ethan M. Shevach et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2014)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Suppression of Murine Colitis and its Associated Cancer by Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells

Dan Blat et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pathogenic conversion of Foxp3(+) T cells into T(H)17 cells in autoimmune arthritis

Noriko Komatsu et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Critical role of all-trans retinoic acid in stabilizing human natural regulatory T cells under inflammatory conditions

Ling Lu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

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Review Immunology

Role of regulatory T cells during virus infection

Tamara Veiga-Parga et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adoptive Transfer of Regulatory T Cells Protects against Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis

Yanxia Cao et al.

PLOS ONE (2013)

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Article Virology

Clearance of influenza virus infections by T cells: risk of collateral damage?

M. L. B. Hillaire et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2013)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Low-dose interleukin 2 in patients with type 1 diabetes: a phase 1/2 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Agnes Hartemann et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2013)

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Article Allergy

Induction and maintenance of allergen-specific FOXP31 Treg cells in human tonsils as potential first-line organs of oral tolerance

Oscar Palomares et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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Article Immunology

CAR/FoxP3-engineered T regulatory cells target the CNS and suppress EAE upon intranasal delivery

Moa Fransson et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Regulatory T cells use programmed death 1 ligands to directly suppress autoreactive B cells in vivo

Janine Gotot et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2012)

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Article Hematology

Tregs prevent GVHD and promote immune reconstitution in HLA-haploidentical transplantation

Mauro Di Ianni et al.

BLOOD (2011)

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Article Cell Biology

Intrapulmonary Delivery of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Acute Lung Injury by Expanding CD4(+)CD25(+) Forkhead Boxp3 (FOXP3)(+) Regulatory T Cells and Balancing Anti- and Pro-inflammatory Factors

Jun Sun et al.

CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2011)

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Article Immunology

The Influence of Excessive IL-6 Production In Vivo on the Development and Function of Foxp3(+) Regulatory T Cells

Minoru Fujimoto et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Review Cell Biology

Tregs and infections: on the potential value of modifying their function

Sharvan Sehrawat et al.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2011)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Trans-Endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: A Molecular Basis for the Cell-Extrinsic Function of CTLA-4

Omar S. Qureshi et al.

SCIENCE (2011)

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Article Oncology

The emerging role of CXCL10 in cancer (Review)

Mingli Liu et al.

ONCOLOGY LETTERS (2011)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulatory T Cells Interfere with Glutathione Metabolism in Dendritic Cells and T Cells

Zhonghua Yan et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2010)

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Article Immunology

Cutting Edge: All-Trans Retinoic Acid Sustains the Stability and Function of Natural Regulatory T Cells in an Inflammatory Milieu

Xiaohui Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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Review Immunology

Mechanisms of Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cell-Mediated Suppression

Ethan M. Shevach

IMMUNITY (2009)

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Article Immunology

In vivo expansion of T reg cells with IL-2-mAb complexes: induction of resistance to EAE and long-term acceptance of islet allografts without immunosuppression

Kylie E. Webster et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2009)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adoptive therapy with redirected primary regulatory T cells results in antigen-specific suppression of arthritis

Graham P. Wright et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2009)

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Editorial Material Immunology

How do Regulatory T Cells Work?

A. Corthay

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Article Immunology

Molecular antagonism and plasticity of regulatory and inflammatory T cell programs

Xuexian O. Yang et al.

IMMUNITY (2008)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Conferring indirect allospecificity on CD4+CD25+ Tregs by TCR gene transfer favors transplantation tolerance in mice

Julia Yuen-Shan Tsang et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2008)

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Article Immunology

Regulatory T cells inhibit dendritic cells by lymphocyte activation gene-3 engagement of MHC class II

Bitao Liang et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

T cell receptor signaling controls Foxp3 expression via PI3K, Akt, and mTOR

Stephan Sauer et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2008)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Coordination of early protective immunity to viral infection by regulatory T cells

Jennifer M. Lund et al.

SCIENCE (2008)

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Article Hematology

Retinoic acid inhibits Th17 polarization and enhances FoxP3 expression through a Stat-3/Stat-5 independent signaling pathway

Kevin M. Elias et al.

BLOOD (2008)

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Article Hematology

A(2A) receptor signaling promotes peripheral tolerance by inducing T-cell anergy and the generation of adaptive regulatory T cells

Paul E. Zarek et al.

BLOOD (2008)

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Article Hematology

Differential impact of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition on CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells compared with conventional CD4(+) T cells

Robert Zeiser et al.

BLOOD (2008)

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Article Immunology

Granzyme B and perforin are important for regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of tumor clearance

Xuefang Cao et al.

IMMUNITY (2007)

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Article Hematology

Expression of ectonucleotidase CD39 by Foxp3+ Treg cells:: hydrolysis of extracellular ATP and immune suppression

Giovanna Borsellino et al.

BLOOD (2007)

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Article Immunology

Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression

Silvia Deaglio et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2007)

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Article Immunology

Rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells of both healthy subjects and type 1 diabetic patients

Manuela Battaglia et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Immunology

CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells

Weihong Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2006)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells

E Bettelli et al.

NATURE (2006)

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Review Immunology

Imbalance of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune diseases

C Dejaco et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Immunology

Regulatory T cells induce a privileged tolerant microenvironment at the fetal-maternal interface

AC Zenclussen et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Immunology

In vitro-expanded antigen-specific regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune diabetes

QZ Tang et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2004)

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Article Immunology

CD4+CD25high regulatory cells in human peripheral blood

C Baecher-Allan et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2001)

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