4.5 Article

Chemical characterization of gurgueia nut (Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke) and press cake oil obtained by hydraulic pressing and supercritical extraction

Journal

BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s13399-023-04042-x

Keywords

Gurgueia oil; Phytosterols; Tocopherols; Squalene; Fatty acids; Antioxidant potential

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The combination of hydraulic pressing and supercritical fluid extraction techniques was effective in maximizing the oil recovery from gurgueia nut. The resulting oil contained high levels of β-sitosterol, γ- and β-tocopherol, and exhibited significant antioxidant potential. This high-quality oil has potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Dipteryx lacunifera, known as gurgueia nut, is a potential crop for obtaining specialty oils. The processing of gurgueia nut to obtain the oil generates circa 635 g kg(-1) of cake, a biomass rich in residual oil. A sequential approach using hydraulic pressing (HP) and supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 (SFE-CO2) has been employed to maximize the oil recovery from gurgueia nut. High contents of b-sitosterol (55.8 mg 100 g(-1)), stigmasterol (38.6 mg 100 g(-1)), campesterol (13.9 mg 100 g(-1)), squalene (668.7 mg 100 g(-1)), total phenolics (6.1 mg GAE 100 g(-1)) and antioxidant potential (4.2 mg TE 100 g(-1) in FRAP; 5.4% in DPPH; and 54.3% in ILP) were observed in the oil from SFE-CO2 as compared to HP and Soxhlet oils. Significant contents of gamma- and beta-tocopherol (3.5-4.2, and 18.2-21.5 mu g g(-1)) were found in oils. Oleic (similar to 60%), palmitic (9.9-18.9%), and linoleic (11.6-12.9%) were the major fatty acids. As a result, the main triacylglycerols were OOO (23.0-35.5 wt%), POO (13.4-31.3 wt%), and OLO (2.1-15.6 wt%). Thermal analysis revealed two major exothermic events during crystallization and a single peak on melting, also showing that gurgueia oils are liquid at 20 degrees C. Combining sustainable technologies was useful for valorizing residual biomass from hydraulic pressing to obtaining a high-quality oil with potential uses in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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