Assessing climate change impact on river flow extreme events in different climates of Iran using hybrid application of LARS-WG6 and rainfall-runoff modeling of deep learning

Climate change and its side effects on weather variables and water resources is one of the recent international concerns. This research aims to project future changes in weather vari-ables due to climate change for different emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 to assess and compare climate change impact on river flow variation based on hybrid ap-plication of deep learning and LARS-WG6 in different climates of Iran (CSA: cold semi-arid; HT: humid temperate; CA: cold arid). For this purpose, best combination of daily rainfall and discharges data with different lags were selected as inputs in rainfall-runoff model-ing using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model. Predicted meteorological data by the LARS-WG6 in the future (2021-2040) were then used as inputs for the selected CNN model and consequently runoff was predicted. Obtained findings showed that projected rainfall changes in 2021-2040 compared to the base period in scenarios of RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 will be + 14, + 11, + 6% in CA, + 8, + 1, + 2% in CSA and + 3.7,-1,-2.6% in HT regions, respectively. Whereas, maximum discharge in CA climate in scenario RCP2.6 is projected to raise about 18%, in the HT climate shows a reduce of about 5% in RCP8.5 and in CSA will decrease by about 5% in RCP2.6. Considering the effect of climate as well as seasonal changes in each region on the amount and direction of the climate change impacts on meteorological and hydrologic variables changes, assessing climate change impact in each region is necessary to extract adaptation strategies in water resources management.(c) 2023 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This research uses a hybrid application of deep learning and LARS-WG6 to predict the impact of climate change on river flow variation in different climates of Iran (CSA: cold semi-arid; HT: humid temperate; CA: cold arid). The findings show that projected rainfall changes in 2021-2040 compared to the base period will vary depending on the emission scenarios, with maximum discharge also being affected. Considering the effect of climate and seasonal changes in each region is necessary for extracting adaptation strategies in water resources management.