Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Immunity Capacity Were Significantly Affected by Feeding Fermented Soybean Meal in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Simple Summary Fish meal has been the main aquatic feed protein source for aquaculture. However, global fish meal is lacking, and the price of fish meal continues to rise, which has been unable to meet the needs. Soybean meal is currently recognized as the best choice to replace fish meal in aquatic feed, but soybean meal contains anti-nutritional factors which can affect the health of aquatic animals. Microbial fermentation is a commonly used biological method for treating soybean meal antigens and palatability. In this study, juvenile coho salmon were fed a diet with replaced 10% fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal protein supplementation for 12 weeks. The results indicated that the diet with replaced 10% fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal protein supplementation could significantly (p < 0.05) influence the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 genes, the growth performance, the serum biochemical indices, and the activity of antioxidant and immunity enzymes. This study aims to investigate the effects of partial dietary replacement of fish meal with unfermented and/or fermented soybean meal (fermented by Bacillus cereus) supplemented on the growth performance, whole-body composition, antioxidant and immunity capacity, and their related gene expression of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Four groups of juveniles (initial weight 159.63 +/- 9.54 g) at 6 months of age in triplicate were fed for 12 weeks on four different iso-nitrogen (about 41% dietary protein) and iso-lipid (about 15% dietary lipid) experimental diets. The main results were: Compared with the control diet, the diet with replaced 10% fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal protein supplementation can significantly (p < 0.05) influence the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 genes, the growth performance, the serum biochemical indices, and the activity of antioxidant and immunity enzymes. However, there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the survival rate (SR) and whole-body composition in the juveniles among the experimental groups. In conclusion, the diet with replaced 10% fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal protein supplementation could significantly increase the growth performance, antioxidant and immunity capacity, and their related gene expression of juveniles.

Automated summary

Fish meal is no longer sufficient for aquatic feed protein source and soybean meal is a good alternative. However, soybean meal contains anti-nutritional factors. This study examined the effects of replacing 10% fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal protein supplementation on the growth and immune response of juvenile coho salmon. The results showed that the supplementation significantly influenced gene expression, growth performance, and antioxidant and immunity capacity of the juveniles.