The effects of macronutrients metabolism on cellular and organismal aging

Evidence supports the notion that metabolic pathways are major regulators of organismal aging, and that metabolic perturbations can extend health- and lifespan. For this reason, dietary interventions and compounds perturbing metabolism are currently explored as anti-aging strategies. A common target for metabolic interventions delaying aging is cellular senescence, a state of stable growth arrest that is accompanied by various structural and functional changes including the activation of a pro-inflammatory secretome. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular events associated with carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and define how macronutrients can regulate induction or prevention of cellular senescence. We discuss how various dietary interventions can achieve prevention of disease and extension of healthy longevity by partially modulating senescence-associated phenotypes. We also emphasize the importance of developing personalized nutritional interventions that take into account the current health and age status of the individual.

Automated summary

Evidence suggests that metabolism is a major regulator of aging and that dietary interventions and metabolic perturbations can extend health and lifespan. A common target for delaying aging is cellular senescence, which involves growth arrest and the activation of pro-inflammatory factors. This article summarizes current knowledge on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism and their role in regulating cellular senescence. It also discusses the potential of dietary interventions to prevent disease and extend healthy longevity by modulating senescence-associated phenotypes, and the need for personalized nutritional interventions based on individual health and age status.