Journal
PROCESSES
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pr11030742
Keywords
fatty acid ethyl ester; fatty acid butyl ester; 1-butanol; ethanol; iso-butanol; supercritical; waste beef tallow; transesterification
Categories
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The effect of temperature on the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters from waste beef tallow using ethanol, iso-butanol, and 1-butanol at supercritical conditions was studied. The results showed that increasing the temperature enhanced the yields of alkyl esters, reaching equilibrium within certain temperature ranges.
The effect of temperature was studied on the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters by means of transesterification of waste beef tallow using ethanol and, iso-butanol and 1-butanol at supercritical conditions. These alcohols are proposed for the synthesis of biodiesel in order to improve the cold flow properties of alkyl esters. Alcohol-beef tallow mixtures were fed to a high-pressure high-temperature autoclave at a constant molar ratio of 45:1. Reactions were carried out in the ranges of 310-390 degrees C and 310-420 degrees C for ethanol and iso-butanol, respectively; meanwhile, synthesis using 1-butanol was assessed only at 360 degrees C. After separation of fatty acid alkyl esters, these samples were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to quantify yields, chemical composition, and molecular weight. Results indicated that yields enhanced as temperature increased; the maximum yields for fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) were attained at 360 degrees C, and for fatty acid butyl esters (FABEs) were achieved at 375 degrees C; beyond these conditions, the alkyl ester yields reached equilibrium. Concerning the physicochemical properties of biodiesel, the predicted cetane number and cloud point were enhanced compared to those of fatty acid methyl esters.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available