Journal
PROCESSES
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pr11041238
Keywords
optimization; spray drying; Capsicum chinense; antioxidant capacity; polyphenols
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This study extracted and identified phenolic compounds from Habanero pepper using ultrasound, finding that the extracts were sensitive to environmental conditions. Spray drying was found to be a viable option for preserving the bioactive compounds. The optimal spray drying conditions were determined using response surface methodology, resulting in a high-quality dried product with potential for functional food development.
The Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is recognized worldwide for its unique organoleptic characteristics, as well as for its capsaicin content; however, other bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds with bioactive properties (mainly antioxidant capacity), have been extracted (ultrasound) and identified in this fruit. Moreover, the extracts obtained by ultrasound present a high sensitivity to environmental conditions, making spray drying a viable option to avoid the degradation of bioactive compounds while maintaining their properties after microencapsulation. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize spray-drying conditions such as the inlet temperature (IT) and maltodextrin:extract (M:E) ratio. Thus, the objective of this work was to establish the optimal spray-drying conditions (IT and M:E) of a Habanero pepper extract with a final characterization of the spray-dried product. Results showed that the optimal spray-drying conditions included an IT = 148 degrees C with an M:E = 0.8:1 w/w, where the antioxidant capacity (38.84 +/- 0.22% inhibition), total polyphenol content (6.64 +/- 0.08 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g powder), and several individual polyphenols, such as Protocatechuic acid (26.97 mg/100 g powder), Coumaric acid (2.68 mg/100 g powder), Rutin (18.01 mg/100 g powder), Diosmetin (1.74 mg/100 g powder), and Naringenin (0.98 mg/100 g powder), were evaluated. The microcapsules showed a spherical shape with concavities and moisture less than 5%, and the inclusion of bioactive compounds was confirmed using UPLC and FTIR. The final dried product has the potential to be used as an ingredient for functional food development.
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