Treatment strategies for clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Past, present and future

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent histological subtype of kidney cancer, which is prone to metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The burden it places on human health due to its refractory nature and rising incidence rate is substantial. Researchers have recently determined the ccRCC risk factors and optimized the clinical therapy based on the disease's underlying molecular mechanisms. In this paper, we review the established clinical therapies and novel potential therapeutic approaches for ccRCC, and we support the importance of investigating novel therapeutic options in the context of combining established therapies as a research hotspot, with the goal of providing diversified therapeutic options that promise to address the issue of drug resistance, with a view to the early realization of precision medicine and individualized treatment.

Automated summary

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly prevalent and refractory type of kidney cancer with a high risk of metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to therapy. Recent research has focused on identifying risk factors and optimizing clinical treatment based on the molecular mechanisms of ccRCC. This paper reviews established clinical therapies and explores novel approaches, emphasizing the importance of investigating new therapeutic options and combining them with established therapies to address drug resistance and promote precision medicine and individualized treatment.