The Role of the p16 and p53 Tumor Suppressor Proteins and Viral HPV16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Assessment of Survival in Patients with Head and Neck Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infections

The role of HPV in the survival prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, especially patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), is still somewhat ambiguous. The present study aimed to explore the significance of tumor suppressor proteins and HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in the assessment of survival in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), LSCC, and HPSCC associated with high-risk (HR-) and low-risk (LR-) HPV infections. By utilizing molecular and immunohistochemical investigations of HNSCC samples and patient data, univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted. The presence of HPV DNA (LR- and HR-HPV) was associated with a better 5-year OS and DSS for OPSCC and LSCC. The IHC overexpression of HPV16 E6 protein and p16 protein was associated with better survival in the univariate (for OPSCC) and multivariate (OPSCC and HPSCC) survival analyses. The overexpression of p53 was associated with better survival in OPSCC. HPV infection plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC, and the immunohistochemical assessment of HPV16 E6 protein expression should be interpreted as a useful prognostic marker for OPSCC and HPSCC.

Automated summary

The study examined the role of tumor suppressor proteins and HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in the survival assessment of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) associated with high-risk and low-risk HPV infections. The presence of HPV DNA was associated with better survival in OPSCC and LSCC, while the overexpression of HPV16 E6 protein and p16 protein was associated with better survival in OPSCC and HPSCC. The overexpression of p53 was associated with better survival in OPSCC. The study highlights the significant role of HPV infection in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and suggests that HPV16 E6 protein expression could be a useful prognostic marker for OPSCC and HPSCC.