A New Optimized Version of a Colorectal Cancer-Targeted Immunotoxin Based on a Non-Immunogenic Variant of the Ribotoxin alpha-Sarcin

Due to its incidence and mortality, cancer remains one of the main risks to human health and lifespans. In order to overcome this worldwide disease, immunotherapy and the therapeutic use of immunotoxins have arisen as promising approaches. However, the immunogenicity of foreign proteins limits the dose of immunotoxins administered, thereby leading to a decrease in its therapeutic benefit. In this study, we designed two different variants of non-immunogenic immunotoxins (IMTXA33 alpha SDI and IMTXA33fur alpha SDI) based on a deimmunized variant of the ribotoxin alpha-sarcin. The inclusion of a furin cleavage site in IMTXA33fur alpha SDI would allow a more efficient release of the toxic domain to the cytosol. Both immunotoxins were produced and purified in the yeast Pichia pastoris and later functionally characterized (both in vitro and in vivo), and immunogenicity assays were carried out. The results showed that both immunotoxins were functionally active and less immunogenic than the wild-type immunotoxin. In addition, IMTXA33fur alpha SDI showed a more efficient antitumor effect (both in vitro and in vivo) due to the inclusion of the furin linker. These results constituted a step forward in the optimization of immunotoxins with low immunogenicity and enhanced antitumor activity, which can lead to potential better outcomes in cancer treatment.

Automated summary

Due to its high incidence and mortality, cancer is still a major risk to human health and lifespan. Immunotherapy and immunotoxins have emerged as promising approaches to overcome this global disease. This study designed two non-immunogenic variants of immunotoxins and demonstrated their enhanced antitumor activity and lower immunogenicity compared to the wild-type immunotoxin. These findings provide a step forward in optimizing immunotoxins for improved outcomes in cancer treatment.