Pruritogenic Mediators and New Antipruritic Drugs in Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 5-20% of children worldwide, while the prevalence in adults varies from 7 to 10%. Patients with AD experience intense pruritus that could lead to sleep disturbance and impaired quality of life. Here, we analyze the pathophysiology of itchiness in AD. We extensively review the histamine-dependent and histamine-independent pruritogens. Several receptors, substance P, secreted molecules, chemokines, and cytokines are involved as mediators in chronic itch. We also, summarize the new emerging antipruritic drugs in atopic dermatitis.

Automated summary

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itchiness that affects both children and adults. This review analyzes the underlying causes of itchiness in AD, including histamine-dependent and histamine-independent pruritogens. Various mediators, such as substance P, secreted molecules, chemokines, and cytokines, are involved in chronic itch. Additionally, emerging antipruritic drugs for AD are summarized.