Axial dispersion of red blood cells in microchannels

Red blood cells (RBCs) flowing in a microchannel undergo dispersion in the flow direction due to the nonuniform velocity profile while transverse migration due to flow -induced deformations of cells combined with the presence of walls and a parabolic velocity profile tends to focus them along the center line. This results in a dispersion of RBC transit times through a capillary that is directly related to their transverse migration properties. By analogy with the Taylor-Aris problem, we present an experimental method to characterise this phenomenon by injecting pulses of dilute suspensions of red blood cells and measuring the evolution of their length along the channel, and varying mechanical parameters such as RBC deformability and fluid viscosity. A direct comparison of experimental results with a model that incorporates longitudinal advection and transverse migration in the dilute limit shows that this principle provides through a simple dispersion measurement an evaluation of migration characteristics that are directly connected to cell mechanical properties.

Automated summary

Red blood cells (RBCs) flowing in a microchannel experience dispersion in the flow direction due to velocity profile nonuniformity, but they tend to focus along the center line due to flow-induced deformations and wall effects. Dispersion of RBC transit times through a capillary is directly related to their transverse migration properties. An experimental method is presented to characterize this phenomenon by injecting pulses of dilute RBC suspensions and measuring their length evolution along the channel, while varying mechanical parameters. Experimental results compared to a model incorporating longitudinal advection and transverse migration show that this method provides a simple evaluation of migration characteristics directly related to cell mechanical properties.