Multi-omics reveals Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894 alleviate food allergy by regulating the Sphingolipid metabolism pathway

Food allergy (FA) is one of the global human health problems, affecting about 1 in 12 children and 1 in 10 adults worldwide. Probiotics have alleviating effects on FA, but the mechanisms have not been fully understood. We sought to explore the therapeutic potential of probiotics Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894 (B. longum CECT7894) on anaphylaxis in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced FA model using an integrated multiomics approaches. The results revealed treatment with B. longum CECT7894 relieved OVA-induced allergic symptoms such as patho-logical changes in small intestine to some extent. Furthermore, probiotics utilization also reduced IgE levels. The transcriptomic data demonstrated that the expressions of genes associated with sphingolipid metabolism were altered in the group received B. longum CECT7894 compared to the sensitized group, including Sgpl1, Trpc1 and Prss8. In addition, the abundances of Sphingobacterium at the genus level, Sphingobacterium sp. 21 and B. longum at the species level, which might related with sphingolipid metabolism, were significantly altered by B. longum CECT7894 when compared to the OVA group. Employed the metabolomics analysis, phytosphingosine, C16 sphinganine, sphinganine and sphingosine were identified as significantly changed metabolites and sphingolipid metabolism pathway was significantly enriched by pathway enrichment analysis. The Spearman's correlation analysis further demonstrated that there were strong correlations between serum biochemical indicators, tran-scripts, gut microbiota and metabolites. Based on the findings described above, from the perspective of genes, gut flora and metabolites changes, it can be concluded that B. longum CECT7894 might suppress OVA-induced FA by regulating the sphingolipid metabolism pathway.

Automated summary

Food allergy is a global health issue, affecting a considerable number of children and adults. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of probiotics Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894 on anaphylaxis in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced food allergy. The findings suggest that B. longum CECT7894 can alleviate allergic symptoms and reduce IgE levels. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveal alterations in genes and metabolites related to sphingolipid metabolism, indicating that B. longum CECT7894 might suppress food allergy by regulating this pathway.