Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082144
Keywords
bovine mastitis; immunity and inflammation; genetic markers; polymorphisms; SCS; SCC; inflammatory cytokines
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Bovine mastitis is a contagious disease that causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cattle, leading to changes in milk composition and udder tissues. Mastitis is associated with depressed immunity, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and increased somatic cell count in milk. Traditional breeding for mastitis resistance is challenging due to low heritability, but genetic-marker-selective breeding and genomic selection have shown promise in improving host genetics and identifying genetically resistant animals. This review discusses candidate genes and signaling pathways related to mastitis resistance and susceptibility in dairy cattle.
Bovine mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is a contagious disease characterized by chemical and physical changes in milk and pathological changes in udder tissues. Depressed immunity and higher expression of inflammatory cytokines with an elevated milk somatic cell count can be observed during mastitis in dairy cattle. The use of somatic cell count (SCC) and somatic cell score (SCS) as correlated traits in the indirect selection of animals against mastitis resistance is in progress globally. Traditional breeding for mastitis resistance seems difficult because of the low heritability (0.10-0.16) of SCC/SCS and clinical mastitis. Thus, genetic-marker-selective breeding to improve host genetics has attracted considerable attention worldwide. Moreover, genomic selection has been found to be an effective and fast method of screening for dairy cattle that are genetically resistant and susceptible to mastitis at a very early age. The current review discusses and summarizes the candidate gene approach using polymorphisms in immune- and inflammation-linked genes (CD4, CD14, CD46, TRAPPC9, JAK2, Tf, Lf, TLRs, CXCL8, CXCR1, CXCR2, C4A, C5, MASP2, MBL1, MBL2, LBP, NCF1, NCF4, MASP2, A2M, and CLU, etc.) and their related signaling pathways (Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, and Complement and coagulation cascades, etc.) associated with mastitis resistance and susceptibility phenotypic traits (IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL17, IL8, SCS, and SCC) in dairy cattle.
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