Macrophage polarization states in atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting large and medium arteries, is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are key mediators of inflammatory responses. They are involved in all stages of atherosclerosis development and progression, from plaque formation to transition into vulnerable plaques, and are considered important therapeutic targets. Increasing evidence suggests that the modulation of macrophage polarization can effectively control the progression of atherosclerosis. Herein, we explore the role of macrophage polarization in the progression of atherosclerosis and summarize emerging therapies for the regulation of macrophage polarization. Thus, the aim is to inspire new avenues of research in disease mechanisms and clinical prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Automated summary

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries, with macrophages playing a crucial role in the inflammatory response. Modulating macrophage polarization has shown potential in controlling the progression of atherosclerosis. This review explores the role of macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis and summarizes emerging therapies for its regulation.