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Sex and gender influence on immunity and autoimmunity

Journal

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142723

Keywords

prolactin; DHEA; SLE; systemic lupus erthematosus; testosterone (androgen); estrogen; genetic; epigenetics; progesterone

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Autoimmune diseases show a tendency to be more prevalent in one biological sex compared to the other, with females dominating most autoimmune diseases. The reasons behind this predilection involve a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors.
Autoimmune diseases are skewed toward one biological sex or another. This is the obvious observation of many decades, and it remains unexplained. Females predominate with most autoimmune diseases. The reasons for this predilection are an interplay of genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors.

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