4.8 Article

Complementarity determining regions in SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity

Journal

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1050037

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; hybrid immunity; complementary determining region; vaccination

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Pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances vaccine-induced protection, while post-vaccination breakthrough infections boost existing immunity. The resulting 'hybrid immunity' is effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Molecular analysis of the complementarity determining regions (CDR) of antibodies from individuals with hybrid immunity and vaccinated individuals without infection reveals distinct CDR profiles.
Pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection can boost protection elicited by COVID-19 vaccination and post-vaccination breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection can boost existing immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination. Such 'hybrid immunity' is effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants. In order to understand 'hybrid immunity' at the molecular level we studied the complementarity determining regions (CDR) of anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) antibodies isolated from individuals with 'hybrid immunity' as well as from 'naive' (not SARS-CoV-2 infected) vaccinated individuals. CDR analysis was done by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and partial least square differential analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccinated people share CDR profiles and that pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection or breakthrough infection further shape the CDR profile, with a CDR profile in hybrid immunity that clustered away from the CDR profile in vaccinated people without infection. Thus, our results show a CDR profile in hybrid immunity that is distinct from the vaccination-induced CDR profile.

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