4.8 Review

Etiology, effects and management of comorbidities in multiple sclerosis: recent advances

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Immunology

Lowering blood cholesterol does not affect neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Solenne Vigne et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effect of circulating cholesterol levels on multiple sclerosis (MS) using a mouse model. The results showed that blood cholesterol level does not have a direct role in neuro-inflammatory diseases, and the protective effects of statins in MS are not related to circulating cholesterol.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Body mass index as a predictor of MS activity and progression among participants in BENEFIT

Juan Manuel Escobar et al.

Summary: This study found that obesity is associated with faster conversion from CIS to MS and a higher relapse rate.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2022)

Article Psychiatry

Childhood Maltreatment and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders

Anthony Wan et al.

Summary: This study found that childhood maltreatment is associated with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis), and there is also a relationship between maltreatment and psychiatric comorbidity. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the impact of maltreatment on these diseases and the potential need for trauma-informed care strategies.

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Clinical Neurology

Myocardial infarction and stroke risks in multiple sclerosis patients: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Haoxin Peng et al.

Summary: Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, this study found a causal relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and myocardial infarction (MI), but no causal association between MS and stroke.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Measuring productivity loss in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Susana Sainz de la Maza et al.

Summary: Early-stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has a significant impact on work productivity, with productivity loss even in a short disease duration.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Impact of comorbidities on the disability progression in multiple sclerosis

Gorica Maric et al.

Summary: The study found that hypertension significantly accelerated reaching irreversible disability levels (EDSS 4.0, 6.0, and 7.0), while the presence of any cardiovascular disease comorbidities and type 2 diabetes significantly accelerated reaching EDSS 4.0 and EDSS 6.0. In a multivariable model, higher progression index (PI) was identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease occurrence in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In the case of type 2 diabetes, PI and MS phenotype were statistically significant in multivariable Cox regression analysis.

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Safety of alemtuzumab in a nationwide cohort of Finnish multiple sclerosis patients

Ilkka Rauma et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the safety of alemtuzumab in Finnish MS patients and found that serious adverse events were more frequent, suggesting active monitoring and sufficient follow-up time.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Risk of depression in multiple sclerosis across disease-modifying therapies

Elisa Longinetti et al.

Summary: The study suggests that the choice of disease-modifying therapy may affect the risk of depression in multiple sclerosis patients, but the impact of depression and antidepressant use on DMT discontinuation and MS relapse is limited.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Emergency medical care for multiple sclerosis: A five-year population study in the Campania Region (South Italy)

Marcello Moccia et al.

Summary: This study found that 17% of multiple sclerosis patients required emergency medical care over 5 years, with age, comorbidities, disease-modifying treatments, and adherence affecting the risk and outcomes of emergency admissions.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multimorbidity

Soren T. Skou et al.

Summary: Multimorbidity has substantial effects on individuals, carers and society. The mechanisms underlying its development are complex and related to ageing and broader determinants of health. Little is known about prevention, but interventions focusing on psychosocial and behavioral factors are likely to be beneficial. Most clinical guidelines and healthcare training focus on single diseases, whereas multimorbidity requires person-centered care.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2022)

Article Immunology

Multiple Sclerosis and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Fangkun Yang et al.

Summary: By using Mendelian randomization analysis, this study found evidence of a causal association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and an increased risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. These findings emphasize the importance of actively monitoring and preventing cardiovascular risk in MS patients.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

The Framingham cardiovascular risk score and 5-year progression of multiple sclerosis

Martina Petruzzo et al.

Summary: The study found an association between cardiovascular risk factors and the prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). An increase in the Framingham risk score was associated with higher risks of MS relapses, disability, and treatment escalation. Early identification and management of cardiovascular comorbidities should be considered in MS management.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Estimating the relative contribution of comorbidities in predicting health-related quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis

Lara Marie Pangan Lo et al.

Summary: Comorbidities have a significant impact on the health-related quality of life of people with Multiple Sclerosis, with mental health and musculoskeletal disorders being the strongest contributors to lower HRQoL. Targeting individual comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and systemic lupus erythematosus for prevention, early detection, and optimal treatment could provide the largest benefits in improving HRQoL for PwMS.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Effect of mood and anxiety disorders on health care utilization in multiple sclerosis

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

Summary: The study found that individuals with multiple sclerosis have significantly higher healthcare utilization compared to those without the disease, and those with any mood and anxiety disorders (MAD) are more likely to visit physicians, have more hospital days, and use more prescription drugs. Within individuals, having an active MAD is associated with increased healthcare utilization for all outcomes compared to not having an active MAD, although the magnitude of this effect is smaller compared to the between-person effect.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Anxiety and depression affect performance on the symbol digit modalities test over time in MS and other immune disorders

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

Summary: Longitudinal study revealed that elevated anxiety symptoms negatively impacted information processing over time, while within-person fluctuations in depression were associated with declines in information processing speed.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

School performance, psychiatric comorbidity, and healthcare utilization in pediatric multiple sclerosis: A nationwide population-based observational study

Magnus Spangsberg Boesen et al.

Summary: The study found that pediatric multiple sclerosis may affect psychiatric comorbidity and healthcare utilization, despite having similar school performance compared to control groups. Children with MS had a higher risk of psychiatric comorbidity and healthcare visits compared to those with non-brain-related chronic diseases.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Vascular comorbidity is associated with lower brain volumes and lower neuroperformance in a large multiple sclerosis cohort

Kathryn C. Fitzgerald et al.

Summary: This study evaluates the association between vascular comorbidity burden and clinical and imaging features of disease burden in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The findings suggest that individuals with 2+ vascular comorbidities had slower walking speed, reduced manual dexterity, lower cognitive processing speed scores, and decreased brain parenchymal and gray matter fractions compared to those with no comorbidities. Increased vascular comorbidity burden was associated with neurologic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in MS.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Depression in multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan

Carol K. Chan et al.

Summary: This study examines the burden of depressive symptoms in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) across different age groups and assesses the relationship between depressive symptoms and MS characteristics. The association between depression and cognitive function and walking speed varies by age, with younger individuals experiencing more significant differences in processing speed compared to older individuals with depression. This highlights the importance of considering age when interpreting neuroperformance measures in MS patients with depressive symptoms.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Review Immunology

Safety of Newer Disease Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis

Georges Jalkh et al.

Summary: In the past decade, the therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis have greatly expanded, with newer and more effective disease modifying therapies being increasingly used early in the disease course. Despite their advantages in controlling disease activity and improving long-term outcomes, these newer therapies come with safety concerns and monitoring requirements that highlight the need for periodic re-evaluation and adjustment of monitoring strategies for optimizing treatment safety in an individualized manner.

VACCINES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Genome-wide genetic links between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and autoimmune diseases

Chun Yu Li et al.

Summary: The study found a significant positive genetic correlation between ALS and celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as a significant negative genetic correlation between ALS and inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Three novel ALS risk genes were identified among shared risk loci.

BMC MEDICINE (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Depression and multiple sclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study

Stefanie Binzer et al.

Summary: The study did not find a significant causal relationship between depression and multiple sclerosis.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Mendelian randomization provides no evidence for a causal role in the bidirectional relationship between depression and multiple sclerosis

Adil Harroud et al.

Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate the bidirectional relationship between MS and MDD and found that genetic liability to MDD did not affect the odds of MS, and vice versa. Additionally, genetic predisposition towards higher BMI may partly explain the increased incidence of depression pre-MS diagnosis.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Investigating the shared genetic architecture between multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases

Yuanhao Yang et al.

Summary: The study found a strong genetic correlation between MS and UC, while the genetic relationship between MS and CD was weaker. Using Mendelian randomization, there was suggestive evidence for a causal effect of MS on UC and IBD, but not a clear causal effect of IBD or UC on MS. The study also observed consistent patterns of tissue-specific heritability enrichment for MS and IBDs, as well as cell-type-specific enrichment in specific cell types.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Health Disparities, Inequities, and Social Determinants of Health in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders in the US A Review

Lilyana Amezcua et al.

Summary: This narrative review highlights the health disparities, inequities, and social determinants of health in Black and Hispanic or Latinx patients with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorders in the US. It emphasizes the importance of further research to understand the role of social determinants of health in addressing racial and ethnic disparities and inequities in these neurological conditions.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Comorbidity and persistence of disease-modifying therapy use in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Natalie E. Parks et al.

Summary: This study aimed to characterize the relationship between comorbidity and initial DMT persistence, as well as reasons for DMT discontinuation. The presence of a mental health disorder was found to be associated with an increased hazard of discontinuing DMT.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Breast Cancer Survival in Multiple Sclerosis A Matched Cohort Study

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

Summary: The study found that breast cancer patients with multiple sclerosis had lower overall survival compared to those without multiple sclerosis, but there was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival. Future research should validate these findings in other populations and identify multiple sclerosis-specific factors associated with poorer prognosis.

NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

High prevalence of comorbidities at diagnosis in immigrants with multiple sclerosis

Dalia Rotstein et al.

Summary: The study compared the prevalence of comorbidities in immigrants and long-term residents with MS, finding that immigrants with MS had higher rates of several comorbid conditions. Clinicians should pay close attention to the identification and management of comorbidity in immigrants with MS.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Hypertension and hypertension severity in Hispanics/Latinx with MS

Michael Robers et al.

Summary: In Latinx individuals with MS, hypertension was found to be the most common vascular comorbidity and was significantly associated with a higher risk of disability. The study also highlighted the higher prevalence of hypertension and smoking in the older age group. Future research should focus on assessing the effectiveness of hypertension treatment in preventing disability in MS.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Interface of Multiple Sclerosis, Depression, Vascular Disease, and Mortality A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

Raffaele Palladino et al.

Summary: Depression is associated with increased risks of incident vascular disease and mortality in people with MS, and the effects of depression and MS on all-cause mortality are synergistic. Sex-stratified analyses confirmed differences in hazard ratios.

NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Colorectal Cancer Survival in Multiple Sclerosis A Matched Cohort Study

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

Summary: In the early period after a colorectal cancer diagnosis, individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have lower overall and cancer-specific survival rates compared to those without MS. Further research is needed to identify the factors underlying these poorer outcomes.

NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Higher Framingham Risk Scores are associated with greater loss of brain volume over time in multiple sclerosis

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and normalized whole brain volume in MS patients. The results showed that higher FRS was associated with lower brain volumes and brain volume loss over time, particularly in individuals with higher baseline brain volumes.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Lung cancer risk in patients with multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization analysis

Fan Ge et al.

Summary: The study using Mendelian Randomization approach indicated a causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and lung cancer, with no significant causal relationship found with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer, and no pleiotropy was observed in the study. Further research is required to clarify the potential mechanisms.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

The Effect of Body Mass Index on Brain Volume and Cognitive Function in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple sclerosis: A CombiRx Secondary Analysis

Aliza Bitton Ben-Zacharia et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of high BMI on cognitive function and brain volume in patients with multiple sclerosis. The results did not show any clinical effect of BMI on brain volume and cognitive function.

JOURNAL OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Dissociable cognitive patterns related to depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis

Victoria M. Leavitt et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Incident cardiovascular disease in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: A multi-database study

Rebecca Persson et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Risk of Mortality in Immigrants with Multiple Sclerosis in Ontario, Canada

Dalia Rotstein et al.

NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Prognostic impact of epilepsy in multiple sclerosis

Zamzam Mahamud et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Management of diabetes and hypertension in people with multiple sclerosis

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Association of body mass index with longitudinal rates of retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Angeliki G. Filippatou et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Socioeconomic status and race are correlated with affective symptoms in multiple sclerosis

Yujie Wang et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Psychiatry

Machine-learning models for depression and anxiety in individuals with immune-mediated inflammatory disease

Lana G. Tennenhouse et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Does obesity exacerbate brain lesion volume and atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis?

Rachel Galioto et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Bipolar disorders and deep grey matter in multiple sclerosis: A preliminary quantitative MRI study

L. Lorefice et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Comorbidity effect on processing speed test and MRI measures in multiple sclerosis patients

Justin R. Abbatemarco et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Letter Clinical Neurology

Prevalence of comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis and impact on physical disability according to disease phenotypes

Ethel Ciampi et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Employment status of people with multiple sclerosis in relation to 10-year changes in functioning and perceived impact of the disease

David Moulaee Conradsson et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

The impact of vascular risk factors on brain volume and lesion load in patients with early multiple sclerosis

Alexander Pichler et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

The impact of vascular risk factors on brain volume and lesion load in patients with early multiple sclerosis

Alexander Pichler et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2019)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Lifestyle and Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis

Lars Alfredsson et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Multiple sclerosis and cancer incidence: A Danish nationwide cohort study

M. Norgaard et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2019)

Review Clinical Neurology

Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: an integrated review

Emmanuelle Waubant et al.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Epilepsy and associated mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis

I. J. Chou et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Comorbid anxiety, depression, and cognition in MS and other immune-mediated disorders

Christiane E. Whitehouse et al.

NEUROLOGY (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Assessing the burden of vascular risk factors on brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A case- control MRI study

L. Lorefice et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Diabetes and anxiety adversely affect cognition in multiple sclerosis

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2019)

Article Psychiatry

Psychiatric comorbidity increases mortality in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Effects of physical comorbidities on disability progression in multiple sclerosis

Tingting Zhang et al.

NEUROLOGY (2018)

Review Clinical Neurology

Cognition in multiple sclerosis: State of the field and priorities for the future

James F. Sumowski et al.

NEUROLOGY (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

The multiple sclerosis risk allele within the AHI1 gene is associated with relapses in children and adults

Jennifer S. Graves et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

The validity and reliability of screening measures for depression and anxiety disorders in multiple sclerosis

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2018)

Review Clinical Neurology

Adverse psychiatric effects of disease-modifying therapies in multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review

Majid Gasim et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Treatment and comorbidities of multiple sclerosis in an employed population in Japan: analysis of health claims data

Mieko Ogino et al.

NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE MANAGEMENT (2018)

Article Psychiatry

Increased incidence of psychiatric disorders in immune-mediated inflammatory disease

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Evaluating the safety of β-interferons in MS A series of nested case-control studies

Hilda J. I. de Jong et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Comorbidity increases the risk of relapse in multiple sclerosis A prospective study

Kaarina Kowalec et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Mortality in multiple sclerosis: meta-analysis of standardised mortality ratios

Ali Manouchehrinia et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased lesion burden and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Natalie Kappus et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Autoimmune Comorbidities Are Associated with Brain Injury in Multiple Sclerosis

R. Zivadinov et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY (2016)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Registry-based randomized controlled trials- what are the advantages, challenges, and areas for future research?

Guowei Li et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Worse Performance on Objective Cognitive Tests in MS

Sarah A. Morrow et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES (2016)

Review Clinical Neurology

Recommendations for observational studies of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

NEUROLOGY (2016)

Review Clinical Neurology

Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for depression and anxiety in persons with multiple sclerosis

K. M. Fiest et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Examining the joint effect of disability, health behaviors, and comorbidity on mortality in MS

Amber Salter et al.

NEUROLOGY-CLINICAL PRACTICE (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: results from a large observational study in the UK

Susan S. Jick et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2015)

Review Clinical Neurology

A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: Overview

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Effect of comorbidity on mortality in multiple sclerosis

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

NEUROLOGY (2015)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose

Kirsty Loudon et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2015)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose

Kirsty Loudon et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2015)

Review Clinical Neurology

A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: Overview

Ruth Ann Marrie et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Comorbidity is associated with pain-related activity limitations in multiple sclerosis

K. M. Fiest et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2015)

Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Quality of Care for Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: The Role of Comorbidity Interrelatedness

Donna M. Zulman et al.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE (2014)

Article Mathematical & Computational Biology

Adaptive enrichment designs for clinical trials

Noah Simon et al.

BIOSTATISTICS (2013)

Article Clinical Neurology

Migraine is comorbid with multiple sclerosis and associated with a more symptomatic MS course

Ilya Kister et al.

JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN (2010)

Review Clinical Neurology

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

Nancy D. Chiaravalloti et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2008)

Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Causes and consequences of comorbidity: A review

R Gijsen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2001)