Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Milos Ajcevic et al.
Summary: Cognitive impairment is a prevalent symptom in post COVID-19 subjects. This study used a non-invasive neuroimaging technique to investigate regional cerebral perfusion alterations in post-COVID-19 patients with cognitive complaints. The results showed significant hypoperfusion in the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex, supporting the hypothesis of a large network dysfunction in these patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jill M. M. Lawrence et al.
Summary: In the contexts of aging, injury, or neuroinflammation, activated microglia induce neurotoxic astrocytes that downregulate supportive functions and secrete neurotoxic factors, complement components, and chemokines, which may facilitate immune cell recruitment. The proportion of pro-inflammatory reactive astrocytes increases with age and is particularly abundant in neurodegenerative disorders. As the identification of astrocyte phenotypes progress, their molecular and cellular effects are characterized in a growing array of neuropathologies.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Albert Leng et al.
Summary: The development of long-term symptoms of COVID-19, known as long COVID or PASC, can involve persistent neurological complications in up to one third of patients. These complications include fatigue, brain fog, headaches, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The underlying pathological mechanisms behind these symptoms are still unclear, but hypotheses suggest involvement of nervous system and systemic factors such as viral persistence, abnormal immune response, and endothelial dysfunction. Current therapeutic approaches focus on antivirals, inflammation reduction, and olfactory epithelium regeneration.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Russell N. Low et al.
Summary: This article discusses the pathophysiology of long-term COVID-19 patients, including the inflammatory cytokine cascades and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. The article proposes that SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger dysregulated immune system activation and subsequent cytokine release, leading to neuroinflammation and a variety of symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Sergey Petrovich Lysenkov et al.
Summary: Recent data suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus not only affects the human cardiorespiratory system, but also contributes to various neurological diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, and neuromuscular pathologies. One possible explanation for the post-COVID syndrome is disruption of the acetylcholine system (AChS) signaling in the body. This literature review aims to analyze and substantiate the possible mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome from the perspective of AChS dysfunctions.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matteo Stravalaci et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that selected human humoral fluid-phase pattern recognition molecules can interact with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19, including PTX3 and MBL, exerting antiviral activity and being associated with disease severity. These findings have important implications for resistance and pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maria-Ioanna Stefanou et al.
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests a high prevalence of prolonged neurological symptoms among COVID-19 survivors. 'Long-COVID' is conceptualized as a multi-organ disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress processes are thought to be involved in the development of neurological sequelae. Collaborative research initiatives are urgently needed to expedite the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for these symptoms.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bevyn Jarrott et al.
Summary: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to COVID-19, with a range of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe. Some patients, diagnosed with LONG COVID, experience various symptoms even after 12 weeks. Longitudinal clinical studies suggest that a battery of cytokine markers can identify infected patients with persistent inflammation and troubling symptoms. There is a hypothesis that drugs activating NRF2 or the hormone melatonin may help alleviate symptoms in LONG COVID patients.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Felicia Ceban et al.
Summary: Post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms after resolution of acute infection, is associated with significant fatigue and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to quantify the proportion of individuals experiencing fatigue and cognitive impairment 12 or more weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis, and to explore the inflammatory and functional consequences of post-COVID-19 syndrome. The results showed that a significant proportion of individuals continue to experience fatigue and cognitive impairment even after 12 or more weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis. Additionally, some individuals showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers and significant functional impairment.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Samuel J. Ahmad et al.
Summary: COVID-19 infection can lead to various neurological complications such as stroke, psychosis, and encephalopathy, possibly due to mechanisms involving endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulopathy, and inflammation. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these disorders remain unclear.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giordano Cecchetti et al.
Summary: This study explored cognitive, EEG, and MRI features in COVID-19 survivors up to 10 months after hospital discharge. The results showed that patients exhibited cognitive and psychopathological disturbances within 2 months after discharge, with executive dysfunctions correlating with acute-phase respiratory distress. Compared to healthy controls, patients showed abnormal EEG and MRI findings. Cognitive and EEG findings improved at the 10-month follow-up, while psychopathological symptoms persisted. Dysgeusia and hyposmia during the acute phase of COVID-19 were associated with increased vulnerability in memory functions over time.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lavienraj Premraj et al.
Summary: Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that persist or develop three months after the onset of COVID-19 pose a significant threat to the global healthcare system. A systematic review analyzed data from multiple studies and found that fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbances were key features of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Psychiatric manifestations such as anxiety and depression were also common and increased in prevalence over time.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Michael Hultstrom et al.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Massimiliano Filosto et al.
Summary: This study reveals the increase of GBS in northern Italy during the COVID-19 era and emphasizes the significant proportion of GBS cases related to COVID-19, suggesting a possible association between COVID-19 and GBS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marco Michelutti et al.
Summary: Long-COVID refers to persistent post-infectious symptoms lasting more than three months after the onset of acute COVID-19 symptoms. Neuro-Long-COVID is a cluster of neurological persisting symptoms. In our study of a large sample of Neuro-Long-COVID patients, we found a higher prevalence of the condition in females. Additionally, males displayed more severe acute symptoms compared to females.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anuradhaa Subramanian et al.
Summary: A retrospective analysis of primary care records in the United Kingdom reveals individual symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, which persisted for 12 weeks or more after infection, as well as risk factors associated with developing long COVID.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon et al.
Summary: This article is a systematic review and meta-analysis of persistent neurological manifestations in COVID-19 survivors. The study found that the most common symptom in long COVID-19 patients is fatigue, followed by cognitive disorder, paresthesia, sleep disorder, musculoskeletal pain, and dizziness. Neurological manifestations are prevalent and persisting in patients, but the duration of symptoms varies.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Qian Li et al.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Behdad Afzali et al.
Summary: Hyperactivation of the complement system is implicated in the pathology of COVID-19, with potential therapeutic benefits through complement inhibition. Latest research progress suggests targeting complement components for treatment may be beneficial in mitigating excessive inflammation and thrombosis in severe COVID-19 cases.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Paolo Manganotti et al.
Summary: Peripheral nervous system involvement, including polyradiculoneuritis and cranial polyneuritis, may occur in patients with COVID-19, and can be successfully treated with immunoglobulin therapy.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mandeep Garg et al.
Summary: Long-COVID-19 refers to the lingering symptoms experienced by post-recovery COVID-19 patients, including fatigue, dyspnea, cough, and headache. It is important to raise awareness among medical professionals, patients, the public, and policymakers to prepare healthcare facilities for continued surveillance of these patients. Further research and establishment of post-COVID care clinics are necessary to evaluate and manage the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
E. Guedj et al.
Summary: In long COVID patients, brain PET scans showed significant hypometabolism in areas including bilateral rectal/orbital gyrus, temporal lobe, brainstem, and cerebellum. These metabolic abnormalities were associated with more functional complaints such as hyposmia/anosmia, memory/cognitive impairment, pain, and insomnia. The study suggests a potential biomarker value in identifying and monitoring long COVID patients, with implications for the impact of ACE drugs and nasal decongestant spray on brain metabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Biyan Nathanael Harapan et al.
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has become a significant global challenge. In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 can also lead to neurological symptoms and complications. Further research is needed to understand the impact of neurological symptoms on the disease progression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rodrigo da Rosa Mesquita et al.
Summary: This study systematically reviewed literature on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients, identifying fever, cough, and dyspnea as the main symptoms. Other common symptoms included neurological symptoms, dermatological manifestations, and anorexia. Identifying all clinical manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention.
WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
George B. Stefano
Summary: Long-term sequelae of COVID-19, known as long COVID, may lead to altered cognition. Historical analysis of past pandemics and epidemics has identified common post-infectious disorders related to long COVID, suggesting potential neural effects from invertebrate and vertebrate virosphere.
MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonas A. Hosp et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a prospective cohort study investigated neurological and cognitive symptoms in hospitalized patients, revealing that gustation and olfaction were commonly affected, along with cognitive impairment. Abnormalities in neuronal metabolism were associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the importance of neurological monitoring in COVID-19 patients.
Review
Immunology
Nassima Chouaki Benmansour et al.
Summary: The overactivation of the complement system in severe cases of COVID-19 can lead to serious complications, and immunotherapies show promise in the treatment of the disease. Complement blockade, particularly targeting the C5a-C5aR axis, may help prevent the worsening of ARDS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Chiara Agostinis et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is characterized by multiple organ failure due to virus-induced injury, accompanied by inflammatory reactions and prothrombotic coagulopathy; pregnant women contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection are more vulnerable to developing pre-eclampsia (PE); C inhibitors targeting C3 or MASP-2 offer promising options for treating both COVID-19 and consequent PE.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ganna Blazhenets et al.
Summary: Cognitive impairment in COVID-19 patients can be related to cortical hypometabolism, which shows reversibility after 6 months. Despite significant recovery, residual impairments remain in some patients.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Anita Gupta et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, with most patients being asymptomatic or experiencing mild symptoms. Understanding host-microbe communications is crucial, with sMBL playing a key role in immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therapeutic management targeting sMBL and complement activation is important in addressing COVID-19.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edith L. Graham et al.
Summary: This study investigated the neurologic manifestations in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers, revealing prominent symptoms such as brain fog and fatigue which negatively affect their cognition and quality of life.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandra Lopez-Leon et al.
Summary: This study aimed to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19, estimating that 80% of infected patients will develop one or more long-term symptoms, with the most common being fatigue, headache, attention disorder, hair loss, and dyspnea.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Shin Jie Yong
Summary: Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome is a poorly understood condition that affects survivors with symptoms like fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive impairments, and more. The pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments are still lacking in literature, but potential treatments may include rehabilitation training and repurposed drugs from similar conditions. Further research is needed to substantiate risk factors and treatment options.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paolo Macor et al.
Summary: Research has shown that complement components are deposited in the lungs, kidneys, and liver of COVID-19 patients, indicating activation pathways of the complement system in different organs. These deposits support the multi-organ nature of the disease and the role of the complement system in inflammation and tissue damage.
Article
Respiratory System
Swapna Mandal et al.
Summary: Following discharge from hospital, a significant number of COVID-19 patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and depression. Some patients also show elevated levels of biomarkers indicating ongoing health issues. Chest radiographs reveal abnormalities in a considerable portion of patients, with a small percentage showing deterioration.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Marina Noris et al.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carlos Manuel Romero-Sanchez et al.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Hanie Esakandari et al.
BIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES ONLINE
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Li-rong Liu et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Paolo Manganotti et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisabeth Mahase
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Scott Miners et al.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Nicola R. Sproston et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Immunology
Shane A. Liddelow et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shane A. Liddelow et al.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Achille E. Tchalla et al.
Review
Neurosciences
Theoharis C. Theoharides et al.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2015)
Article
Cell Biology
Dong-Na Gao et al.
Review
Immunology
V. Ballegaard et al.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Immunology
Andrew Swale et al.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2014)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anete Sevciovic Grumach et al.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2014)
Review
Neurosciences
Franca Orsini et al.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2014)
Review
Physiology
Anthony J. Ocon
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2013)
Review
Immunology
Kristelle S. Brown et al.
IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS
(2007)
Article
Immunology
HX Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2005)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
F Larsen et al.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2004)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
P Garred et al.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2003)
Article
Immunology
P Garred et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2003)