Research on the Improvement of Safety Navigation Based on the Shipmaster's Control of Ship Navigational Parameters When Sailing in Different Sea State Conditions

Shipmasters must make several quick decisions with respect to the ship's speed and heading when new sea conditions approach. The implications for ship stability and risky situations are known but there are no guides on how they should be addressed in this limited period of time. In the present paper, and from three points of view, the ship's rolling motion in the long-term domain is analysed. Firstly, the ship's behaviour after the influence of a single and external force was studied. Secondly, the influence of successive regular beam seas, with resistance and at zero-speed conditions, was analysed. Finally, the influence of wave direction on a ship sailing at non-zero speed was investigated. Results showed that once five minutes elapse, the rolling angle tends to be null regardless of the ship's loading condition and that after a certain period of time, a coupling of the ship's rolling frequency with the waves' period and angle amplitude occurs. This circumstance was noted after three minutes for all of the ship loading conditions. Finally, novel guides for shipmasters in the form of 3D maps and polar diagrams were proposed to improve the ship's behaviour-altering navigational parameters (heading and ship's speed) when sailing in changing weather conditions. Therefore, for the three approaches, the relevant results and novel mathematical relations of linear factors were obtained which can be considered useful and applicable by the ship operators of most fishing and merchant fleets (regardless of their sizes) when they are operating under normal loading conditions.

Automated summary

Shipmasters must quickly make decisions about speed and heading when faced with new sea conditions. This paper analyzes the ship's rolling motion using three approaches, including the ship's behavior after a single external force, the influence of regular beam seas at zero-speed conditions, and the influence of wave direction on a sailing ship. The results show that after five minutes, the rolling angle tends to be null and a coupling between the ship's rolling frequency and the waves' period and amplitude occurs. Novel guides in the form of 3D maps and polar diagrams are proposed to improve navigational parameters for ship behavior in changing weather conditions.