Olfactory dysfunction: A plausible source of COVID-19-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nervous system consequences of COVID-19

Serena Spudich et al.

Summary: Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurological symptoms is crucial.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Neurological manifestations of long-COVID syndrome: a narrative review

Maria-Ioanna Stefanou et al.

Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests a high prevalence of prolonged neurological symptoms among COVID-19 survivors. 'Long-COVID' is conceptualized as a multi-organ disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress processes are thought to be involved in the development of neurological sequelae. Collaborative research initiatives are urgently needed to expedite the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for these symptoms.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank

Gwenaelle Douaud et al.

Summary: Through long-term observation of participants' MRI images, it was found that COVID-19 infection is associated with abnormal brain changes, including a reduction in gray matter thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, greater changes in markers of tissue damage in regions functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex, and a greater reduction in global brain size. Infected individuals also showed significant cognitive decline.

NATURE (2022)

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Review Otorhinolaryngology

The Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Vincent M. Desiato et al.

Summary: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common and has been reported as an early indicator of COVID-19. The prevalence of OD in the general population depends on the testing method and population age, with greater prevalence in studies using objective tests and older subjects.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammatory Response Leads to Neuronal Death in Human Post-Mortem Cerebral Cortex in Patients with COVID-19

Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni et al.

Summary: The study revealed inflammatory and immune responses in the post-mortem cerebral cortex of severe COVID-19 patients, with oxidative stress potentially leading to neuronal cell death.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Post-viral effects of COVID-19 in the olfactory system and their implications

Michael S. Xydakis et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is often associated with olfactory dysfunction, providing a research opportunity to study the natural course of this neurological finding. However, limited by sample sizes and lack of advanced neuroimaging data, there is still a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of olfactory impairment. Persistent olfactory deficits post-SARS-CoV-2 infection could potentially be a marker for increased long-term risk of neurological disease.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Expression of the ACE2 Virus Entry Protein in the Nervus Terminalis Reveals the Potential for an Alternative Route to Brain Infection in COVID-19

Katarzyna Bilinska et al.

Summary: There is a possibility that SARS-CoV-2 virus may enter the brain through nervus terminalis neurons as an alternative route from the nose.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Investigation on the Loss of Taste and Smell and Consequent Psychological Effects: A Cross-Sectional Study on Healthcare Workers Who Contracted the COVID-19 Infection

Luisa Dudine et al.

Summary: The study found that the loss of taste and smell is associated with emotional distress and may persist even after recovery from COVID-19 infection.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology