Microglia and astrocytes underlie neuroinflammation and synaptic susceptibility in autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood. The mechanisms underlying ASD are unclear. In recent years, the role of microglia and astrocytes in ASD has received increasing attention. Microglia prune the synapses or respond to injury by sequestrating the injury site and expressing inflammatory cytokines. Astrocytes maintain homeostasis in the brain microenvironment through the uptake of ions and neurotransmitters. However, the molecular link between ASD and microglia and, or astrocytes remains unknown. Previous research has shown the significant role of microglia and astrocytes in ASD, with reports of increased numbers of reactive microglia and astrocytes in postmortem tissues and animal models of ASD. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of the roles of microglia and astrocytes in ASD is essential for developing effective therapies. This review aimed to summarize the functions of microglia and astrocytes and their contributions to ASD.

Automated summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear mechanisms. The role of microglia and astrocytes in ASD has gained attention, but the molecular link remains unknown. Previous studies have shown increased numbers of reactive microglia and astrocytes in ASD, highlighting their significant role. Understanding the roles of microglia and astrocytes in ASD is crucial for developing effective therapies. This review aimed to summarize their functions and contributions to ASD.