Insights into the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on atherosclerosis: mechanisms involved and influence factors

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease and is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the arteries, which leads to stenosis and thrombosis. Researchers have been working to design multifunctional nanomedicines with the ability to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis, but recent studies have also identified that nanomaterials can cause atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to outline the molecular mechanisms and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that promote atherosclerosis. By analyzing the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis such as vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells, we aim to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and raise awareness of nanotoxicology to advance the clinical translation and sustainable development of nanomaterials.

Automated summary

Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the arteries, leading to stenosis and thrombosis. While researchers have been developing nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis, recent studies have found that nanomaterials can also promote the development of atherosclerosis. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that contribute to atherosclerosis, highlighting the toxicological effects on key cells involved in the disease, and providing valuable insights for prevention and treatment strategies.