Journal
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
Volume 84, Issue -, Pages 363-373Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2023.06.006
Keywords
Hollow zeolite; Metal oxides; Bifunctional; Bio-oil; Hydrocarbons
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The development of efficient metal-zeolite bifunctional catalysts is crucial for bioenergy and renewable biofuel production. In this study, a Ga-functionalized hollow ZSM-5 catalyst was synthesized without H2 reduction and showed excellent performance in catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of maize straw. The catalyst exhibited high bio-oil yield and hydrocarbon selectivity, and retained its structural integrity and catalytic activity after multiple regeneration cycles. The elimination of H2 reduction simplifies the CFP process and reduces operating costs.
The development of efficient metal-zeolite bifunctional catalysts for catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of bio-mass waste is highly desirable for bioenergy and renewable biofuel production. However, conventional metal-loaded zeolites often suffer from metal sintering during pyrolysis and are thus inactivated. In this study, single-site Ga-functionalized hollow ZSM-5 (GaOx@HS-Z5) was synthesized via an impregnation-dissolution-recrystallization strategy without H2 reduction. The Ga atom was coordinated to four oxygen atoms in HS-Z5 frameworks. Benefitting from the highly dispersed single-Ga atoms and hollow zeolite framework, 3GaOx@HS-Z5 performed the best in producing hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil compared to impregnated 3GaOx/HS-Z5 and H2-reduced 3Ga@HS-Z5 in the maize straw CFP. In particular, 3GaOx@HS-Z5 delivered the highest bio-oil yield (23.6 wt%) and hydrocarbon selectivity (49.4 area%). 3GaOx@HS-Z5 also retained its structural integrity and catalytic activity after five pyrolysis-regeneration cycles, demonstrating its advantage in practical biomass CFP. The elimination of H2 reduc-tion during the synthesis of catalyst provides an additional advantage for simplifying the CFP process and reducing operating costs. The retained Ga micro-environment and anti-sintering properties were unique for 3GaOx@HS-Z5, as severe metal sintering occurred during pyrolysis for other metals (e.g., NiOx, ZnOx, FeOx, and CoOx) that encapsulated HS-Z5. & COPY; 2023 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.
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