Genome-wide association study for grain zinc concentration in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

IntroductionZinc (Zn) deficiency causes serious diseases in people who rely on cereals as their main food source. However, the grain zinc concentration (GZnC) in wheat is low. Biofortification is a sustainable strategy for reducing human Zn deficiency. MethodsIn this study, we constructed a population of 382 wheat accessions and determined their GZnC in three field environments. Phenotype data was used for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a 660K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and haplotype analysis identified an important candidate gene for GZnC. ResultsWe found that GZnC of the wheat accessions showed an increasing trend with their released years, indicating that the dominant allele of GZnC was not lost during the breeding process. Nine stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for GZnC were identified on chromosomes 3A, 4A, 5B, 6D, and 7A. And an important candidate gene for GZnC, namely, TraesCS6D01G234600, and GZnC between the haplotypes of this gene showed, significant difference (P <= 0.05) in three environments. DiscussionA novel QTL was first identified on chromosome 6D, this finding enriches our understanding of the genetic basis of GZnC in wheat. This study provides new insights into valuable markers and candidate genes for wheat biofortification to improve GZnC.

Automated summary

This study identifies an important candidate gene for grain zinc concentration in wheat through the investigation of 382 wheat accessions. It is also found that the grain zinc concentration of wheat accessions has shown an increasing trend over time, indicating the dominance allele for grain zinc concentration has not been lost during breeding. This research provides valuable insights into improving grain zinc concentration in wheat through marker-assisted breeding.