Endogenous relapse and exogenous reinfection in recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective study revealed by whole genome sequencing

Article Immunology

Whole Genome Sequencing Assessing Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Tuberculosis Mutations and Type of Recurrence in India

Vidya Mave et al.

Summary: Considerable intrahost Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutation rates were observed in recurrent cases among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in India, with one-fourth of DM patients showing exogenous reinfection.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Drug-Resistant Characteristics, Genetic Diversity, and Transmission Dynamics of Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hunan, China, Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Wencong He et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the circulating RR-TB strains in Hunan province using drug susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing, and found that these strains have complex additional drug-resistant profiles and relatively higher clustering rates. Comprehensive information based on WGS should be used to guide the design of treatment regimens and tailor public interventions.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis after treatment success: a population-based retrospective study in China

Qiao-ling Ruan et al.

Summary: This study investigated the rates and risk factors for post-treatment recurrence of pulmonary TB in successfully treated patients. Factors such as male sex, age 60 years or older, pulmonary cavity, and sputum positivity at 2 months were found to increase the risk of TB recurrence, while prolonged treatment was associated with reduced recurrence rates. Further analysis of prolonged treatment is needed to address this issue.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Immunology

Investigation on the cause of recurrent tuberculosis in a rural area in China using whole-genome sequencing: A retrospective cohort study

Meng Li et al.

Summary: This study investigated recurrent tuberculosis (TB) in rural Wusheng County, Sichuan Province, China. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the researchers found that recurrent TB in this area was mainly due to relapse and associated with drug resistance.

TUBERCULOSIS (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Tuberculosis reinfection and relapse in eastern China: a prospective study using whole-genome sequencing

Qiao Liu et al.

Summary: This study in eastern China aimed to evaluate risk factors for tuberculosis recurrence and found that older age, previous tuberculosis treatment, and bilateral cavities were associated with higher risk of recurrence. Endogenous relapse was significantly more common than exogenous reinfection in the first 2 years post-treatment.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Moxifloxacin Activates the SOS Response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner

Angelo Iacobino et al.

Summary: Previous studies have shown that sub-MIC of fluoroquinolones can induce the SOS response in E. coli, increasing drug tolerance. In this study, it was found that moxifloxacin can induce the SOS response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activation of SOS response by moxifloxacin is influenced by various factors such as dose, time, physiological state, and MIC value.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Review Respiratory System

Recurrent TB: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence rates and the proportions of relapses and reinfections

Victor Vega et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that recurrent tuberculosis has a high incidence rate, with relapse accounting for 70% and reinfection for 30%. Genotyping is an important tool for distinguishing between relapse and reinfection. The incidence rate of recurrent tuberculosis is influenced by various factors such as HIV prevalence, treatment drug regimen, etc.

THORAX (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Population structure, biogeography and transmissibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Luca Freschi et al.

Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a clonal pathogen that has co-evolved with humans for millennia, is reevaluated in terms of population structure. Ancient Indo-Oceanic Lineage 1 and modern Central Asian Lineage 3 are analyzed in depth, expanding understanding of Lineages 2 and 4.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Distinguishing Relapse From Reinfection With Whole-Genome Sequencing in Recurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Beijing, China

Jian Du et al.

Summary: The study found that tuberculosis recurrence in Beijing was mainly caused by relapse and strongly associated with underlying chronic diseases. Some MTB isolates from non-diabetic patients had a higher mutation rate, and community transmission was identified in the cohort.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Strong Increase in Moxifloxacin Resistance Rate among Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in China, 2007 to 2013

Hui Xia et al.

Summary: The study revealed an increase in moxifloxacin resistance among MDR-TB patients in China from 2007 to 2013, suggesting cautious use of the drug in MDR/RR-TB regimens. Laboratory confirmation of susceptibility to moxifloxacin is crucial, given the rise in resistance levels.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2021)

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Article Immunology

Relapse or Re-Infection, the Situation of Recurrent Tuberculosis in Eastern China

Yan Shao et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the sources of recurrent tuberculosis in Jiangsu, China and found that relapse and re-infection contributed equally to the current situation of recurrence TB. Drug resistance and multi-drug resistant cases were more common in the re-infection group, highlighting the need for more efficient treatment assessment and specific interventions for MDR-TB patients.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology