A review on nanoparticles: characteristics, synthesis, applications, and challenges

The significance of nanoparticles (NPs) in technological advancements is due to their adaptable characteristics and enhanced performance over their parent material. They are frequently synthesized by reducing metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles using hazardous reducing agents. However, there have been several initiatives in recent years to create green technology that uses natural resources instead of dangerous chemicals to produce nanoparticles. In green synthesis, biological methods are used for the synthesis of NPs because biological methods are eco-friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, uncomplicated, and highly productive. Numerous biological organisms, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, yeast, and plants, are used for the green synthesis of NPs. Additionally, this paper will discuss nanoparticles, including their types, traits, synthesis methods, applications, and prospects.

Automated summary

The significance of nanoparticles lies in their adaptable characteristics and improved performance over their parent material in technological advancements. Green synthesis, using natural resources instead of dangerous chemicals, has gained attention in recent years for the production of nanoparticles. Biological methods, such as using bacteria, fungi, and plants, are eco-friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, uncomplicated, and highly productive for synthesizing nanoparticles. This paper will also discuss the types, traits, synthesis methods, applications, and prospects of nanoparticles.