Study of efficacy and longevity of immune response to third and fourth doses of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: A single arm clinical trial

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralization against BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB from mRNA Bivalent Booster

Meredith E. Davis-Gardner et al.

Summary: One or two monovalent vaccine boosters resulted in a significant decrease in neutralization activity against omicron subvariants. The BA.5-containing bivalent booster improved neutralizing activity against all omicron subvariants.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Letter Oncology

Efficacy of booster doses in augmenting waning immune responses to COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer

Lauren C. Shapiro et al.

CANCER CELL (2022)

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Letter Oncology

Impact of COVID-19 on case fatality rate of patients with cancer during the Omicron wave

Matthew Lee et al.

CANCER CELL (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Activity of convalescent and vaccine serum against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Juan Manuel Carreno et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, first identified in South Africa and Botswana in November 2021, has rapidly spread globally with high transmissibility. It has an unprecedented number of mutations in its spike gene, leading to immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy. The neutralizing and binding activity against Omicron varies among individuals with different vaccination and infection histories.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immune correlates analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy clinical trial

Peter B. Gilbert et al.

Summary: In the COVE phase 3 clinical trial, neutralizing and binding antibodies were measured in vaccine recipients to determine their correlation with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that these immune markers were inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. Postvaccination neutralization titers of 10, 100, and 1000 correlated with estimated vaccine efficacies of 78%, 91%, and 96% respectively.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Hematology

Impaired immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with B-cell malignancies after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy

Saurabh Dahiya et al.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2022)

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Letter Oncology

Antibody responses following third mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer and potential timing of a fourth vaccination

Sidse Ehmsen et al.

CANCER CELL (2022)

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Letter Oncology

Longitudinal COVID-19-vaccination-induced antibody responses and Omicron neutralization in patients with lung cancer

Philip C. Mack et al.

CANCER CELL (2022)

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Letter Oncology

Risk factors for poor humoral response to primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hematologic and oncological outpatients-COVIDOUT study

Martin Schoenlein et al.

CANCER CELL (2022)

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Article Oncology

Outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant outbreak among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with cancer in Europe: results from the retrospective, multicentre, OnCovid registry study

David J. Pinato et al.

Summary: During the omicron outbreak, COVID-19 outcomes in cancer patients in Europe improved compared to the prevaccination period and the alpha-delta waves. However, unvaccinated cancer patients remained highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, our findings support universal vaccination of cancer patients as a protective measure against COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Nature does things well

Helene Vaillant-Roussel et al.

EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of a Fourth Dose of Covid-19 mRNA Vaccine against Omicron

Gili Regev-Yochay et al.

Summary: Health care workers in Israel received a fourth dose of mRNA vaccine during the prevalence of the omicron variant. The fourth dose boosted antibody levels but did not surpass the maximum observed after the third dose. The vaccine demonstrated an efficacy of 31 to 43% against symptomatic disease.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Oncology

Impact of Therapy in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies on Seroconversion Rates After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Deniz C. Guven et al.

Summary: Patients with hematologic malignancies, especially those with CLL and those receiving specific treatments, have significantly lower seroconversion rates after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Effective strategies are urgently needed to improve vaccine efficacy in these vulnerable populations.

ONCOLOGIST (2022)

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Article Immunology

A Fourth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine Does Not Induce Neutralization of the Omicron Variant Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Suboptimal Vaccine Response

Andrew H. Karaba et al.

Summary: Humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines are attenuated in solid organ transplant recipients. Additional vaccine doses can increase neutralizing capacity against multiple variants of concern, but the neutralization effect against the Omicron variant is poor.

TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Differences in Outcomes and Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cancer Compared With Those Without Cancer A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Emma Khoury et al.

Summary: The study found that patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher risk of death compared to those without cancer. Younger age, lung cancer, and hematologic cancer were identified as risk factors associated with poor outcomes from COVID-19.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Receiving a Fourth Dose of the BNT162b Vaccine With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Workers in Israel

Matan J. Cohen et al.

Summary: Despite high vaccination rates among health care workers in Israel, a significant number of breakthrough infections were observed during the Omicron wave. A fourth vaccine dose was recommended to mitigate the infection rate. This study found that the fourth dose of the vaccine reduced breakthrough infection rates among hospital staff, although not as much as the third dose.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection and Waning of Natural and Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Yair Goldberg et al.

Summary: This study used data from the Israeli Ministry of Health database to compare the rate of infection with the time since immunity-confering events. The results showed that the protection against reinfection decreased over time for individuals who had previously been infected or vaccinated, but it was still higher than the protection conferred after the same time had elapsed since the second dose of vaccine among those who were previously uninfected. A single dose of vaccine after infection reinforced protection against reinfection.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Oncology

Immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants after two and three doses of vaccine in B-cell malignancies: UK PROSECO study

Sean H. Lim et al.

Summary: Patients with hematological malignancies, especially those undergoing active anticancer treatment or on anti-CD20 therapy, show compromised immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. However, booster vaccination can significantly improve antibody responses in indolent B-cell lymphoma patients, and antigen-specific T-cell responses are observed in the majority of patients after a third dose, regardless of their cancer treatment status.

NATURE CANCER (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and immunogenicity of seven COVID-19 vaccines as a third dose (booster) following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK (COV-BOOST): a blinded, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial

Alasdair P S Munro et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immune responses to two and three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in adults with solid tumors

Rachna T. Shroff et al.

Summary: Cancer patients showed diminished immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine compared to the control group, but a third dose of the vaccine was found to be safe and significantly improved humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Yair Herishanu et al.

Summary: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia have a significantly impaired antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, which is influenced by disease activity and treatment.

BLOOD (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

David S. Khoury et al.

Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Association of clinical factors and recent anticancer therapy with COVID-19 severity among patients with cancer: a report from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium

P. Grivas et al.

Summary: This study analyzed clinical factors and laboratory measurements of cancer patients with COVID-19, finding that factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, cancer type, and laboratory results were associated with COVID-19 severity. Patients diagnosed early in the pandemic had worse outcomes, and specific anticancer therapies may increase 30-day all-cause mortality. More research is needed to confirm these findings and caution may be needed in using certain anticancer treatments.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

Impaired humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with lymphoma receiving B-cell-directed therapies

Paola Ghione et al.

BLOOD (2021)

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Article Oncology

Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccines in patients with cancer

Alfredo Addeo et al.

Summary: Among cancer patients, most (94%) achieved seroconversion after receiving two vaccine doses. Seroconversion rates and antibody titers in patients with hematological malignancy were significantly lower than those with solid tumors. None of the patients with history of anti-CD-20 antibody in the 6 months before vaccination developed antibody response.

CANCER CELL (2021)

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Article Oncology

Seroconversion rates following COVID-19 vaccination among patients with cancer

Astha Thakkar et al.

Summary: Most cancer patients show high seroconversion rates after receiving COVID-19 vaccines, but those with hematologic malignancies, especially after highly immunosuppressive therapies, exhibit lower conversion rates. Patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or hormonal therapy display high conversion rates.

CANCER CELL (2021)

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Letter Oncology

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with hematologic malignancies

Lee M. Greenberger et al.

CANCER CELL (2021)

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Article Immunology

The WHO International Standard for COVID-19 serological tests: towards harmonization of anti-spike assays

Maria Infantino et al.

Summary: The study found that results of different commercial quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are not interchangeable, emphasizing the importance of using the same method for individual immune monitoring. Additionally, values expressed as BAU/ml showed reduced between-assays variability compared to values expressed as AU/ml.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Measured by the AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 Assay Are Concordant with Previously Available Serologic Assays but Are Not Fully Predictive of Sterilizing Immunity

Benjamin T. Bradley et al.

Summary: The study investigated the performance characteristics of different SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection methods and examined the humoral response associated with vaccination, natural protection, and vaccine breakthrough infections.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Urology & Nephrology

Risk factors associated with poor response to COVID-19 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients

Yorg Azzi et al.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

C. Perry et al.

Summary: Patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) undergoing R/Obi treatment have impaired humoral response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Longer time since exposure to R/Obi is associated with improved response rates to the COVID-19 vaccine. Multi-variable analysis reveals predictors for a positive serological response.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

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Editorial Material Pathology