Photoinhibition of the Picophytoplankter Synechococcus Is Exacerbated by Ocean Acidification

The marine picocyanobacterium Synechococcus accounts for a major fraction of the primary production across the global oceans. However, knowledge of the responses of Synechococcus to changing pCO(2) and light levels has been scarcely documented. Hence, we grew Synechococcus sp. CB0101 at two CO2 concentrations (ambient CO2 AC:410 mu atm; high CO2 HC:1000 mu atm) under various light levels between 25 and 800 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) for 10-20 generations and found that the growth of Synechococcus strain CB0101 is strongly influenced by light intensity, peaking at 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and thereafter declined at higher light levels. Synechococcus cells showed a range of acclimation in their photophysiological characteristics, including changes in pigment content, optical absorption cross section, and light harvesting efficiency. Elevated pCO(2) inhibited the growth of cells at light intensities close to or greater than saturation, with inhibition being greater under high light. Elevated pCO(2) also reduced photosynthetic carbon fixation rates under high light but had smaller effects on the decrease in quantum yield and maximum relative electron transport rates observed under increasing light intensity. At the same time, the elevated pCO(2) significantly decreased particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON), particularly under low light. Ocean acidification, by increasing the inhibitory effects of high light, may affect the growth and competitiveness of Synechococcus in surface waters in the future scenario.

Automated summary

The marine picocyanobacterium Synechococcus plays a significant role in primary production in the global oceans. However, its responses to changing pCO(2) and light levels have been poorly studied. This research found that the growth of Synechococcus strain CB0101 is strongly influenced by light intensity, with peak growth at 250 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Elevated pCO(2) inhibits cell growth at high light intensities and decreases photosynthetic carbon fixation rates. It also significantly reduces particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, particularly under low light. These findings suggest that future ocean acidification may affect the growth and competitiveness of Synechococcus in surface waters.