Journal
POLYMERS
Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/polym15051104
Keywords
coffee melanoidins; eggshell membrane hydrolysates; Lactobacillus acidophilus; single-cell nanoencapsulation; probiotics
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A one-step fabrication method for thin films and shells is developed using nature-derived eggshell membrane hydrolysates (ESMHs) and coffee melanoidins (CMs), which are discarded as food waste. The nature-derived materials prove biocompatible with living cells, and the method allows for the construction of cell-in-shell nanobiohybrid structures. The shells, formed on individual Lactobacillus acidophilus, effectively protect the cells in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), with further enhanced protection through Fe3+-mediated shell augmentation.
One-step fabrication method for thin films and shells is developed with nature-derived eggshell membrane hydrolysates (ESMHs) and coffee melanoidins (CMs) that have been discarded as food waste. The nature-derived polymeric materials, ESMHs and CMs, prove highly biocompatible with living cells, and the one-step method enables cytocompatible construction of cell-in-shell nanobiohybrid structures. Nanometric ESMH-CM shells are formed on individual probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus, without any noticeable decrease in viability, and the ESMH-CM shells effectively protected L. acidophilus in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF). The cytoprotection power is further enhanced by Fe3+-mediated shell augmentation. For example, after 2 h of incubation in SGF, the viability of native L. acidophilus is 30%, whereas nanoencapsulated L. acidophilus, armed with the Fe3+-fortified ESMH-CM shells, show 79% in viability. The simple, time-efficient, and easy-to-process method developed in this work would contribute to many technological developments, including microbial biotherapeutics, as well as waste upcycling.
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